文冠果果壳是文冠果生产过程中产生的废弃物，该研究以文冠果果壳为原料，采用单因素结合响应面法优化超声细胞破碎法提取文冠果果壳总皂苷的工艺条件，以DPPH·清除率、ABTS+·清除率及Fe2+螯合能力为指标评价总皂苷提取物的抗氧化活性，用CCK-8法分析总皂苷提取物对HepG2和A549细胞增殖的抑制效果。结果表明，文冠果果壳总皂苷最佳提取条件为：乙醇体积分数65%、液料比35:1（mL/g）、超声功率200 W、超声时间35 min、超声温度50 ℃，总皂苷得率可达14.95 mg/g。抗氧化实验结果表明总皂苷提取物浓度为0.05 mg/mL，对DPPH·、ABTS+·的清除率分别为91.35%、82.63%；浓度为0.10 mg/mL，对Fe2+螯合能力为88.01%；总皂苷提取物浓度与ABTS+·清除能力、Fe2+螯合能力呈极显著相关（p<0.01）。抗肿瘤结果表明总皂苷提取物浓度为 120 μg/mL，作用于HepG2细胞和A549细胞的细胞存活率分别为10.95%和2.04%，其IC50值分别为79.30 μg/mL和63 μg/mL。综上可知，超声细胞破碎法是一种高效的制备文冠果果壳总皂苷的技术，文冠果果壳总皂苷提取物具有良好的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性，该研究可为文冠果废弃物的有效开发利用提供方法学借鉴。

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husk is a waste material produced during the cultivation of this plant. Here, the process conditions for extracting total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk as a raw material were optimized using single-factor ultrasonic cell fragmentation combined with the response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity of the extracted total saponins was evaluated using DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging and Fe2+ chelating assays. Further, the inhibitory effects of the extracted total saponins on the proliferation of HepG2 and A549 cells were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay. The optimum extraction conditions for total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk were as follows: 65% ethanol volume fraction, 35:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, 200 W ultrasonic power, 35 min ultrasonic treatment duration, and 50 °C ultrasonic treatment temperature; under these conditions, the total saponin yield reached 14.95 mg/g. Antioxidant assays showed that at the total saponin concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, the DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging rates were 91.35% and 82.63%, respectively. Moreover, at the total saponin concentration of 0.10 mg/mL, the Fe2+ chelating rate was 88.01%. Total saponin concentration was significantly correlated with ABTS+· scavenging and Fe2+ chelating potential (p<0.01). At the total saponins concentration of 120 μg/mL, the survival rates of HepG2 and A549 cells were 10.95% and 2.04%, with the IC50 values of 79.30 and 63 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, ultrasonic cell fragmentation is an efficient technology for extracting total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk. Total saponins extracted from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk exhibit potent antioxidant and antitumor activities. This article provides a methodological reference for the effective utilization of X. sorbifolia Bunge waste.

辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目（LJKZ0538）；大连市科技创新基金（2021JJ13SN51）；大连民族大学-西藏农牧学院联合基金（DLMZ-NMXY2021003）