生物培育肉补充传统养殖业肉类供应的可行性及挑战分析

Feasibility and Challenges of Developing Cell-based Meat as a Supplement to the Meat Supply from Traditional Husbandry

摘要:

畜牧业占据了全球土地使用和温室气体排放的很大比例，并且大规模饲养动物过程中普遍使用预防性抗生素，导致抗药性细菌及其他致病因子及人畜共患病泛滥。更重要的是，随着人口的增长，传统的动物养殖业可能无法满足日益增长的人口对肉类和膳食蛋白的需求。因此，生物培育肉技术应运而生并得到快速发展，它具有提供肉类蛋白产品的潜力，并且没有相关环境、道德和技术问题。尽管培育肉具有减缓日益增长的世界人口对蛋白质需求增长所面临的供应问题，但目前针对生物培育肉的各方面的突破性技术仅限于实验室的研究生产，而商业化的生物培育肉生产仍有很多技术瓶颈有待突破。该综述基于目前国内传统养殖业的发展现状及生物培育肉的技术发展趋势，阐述了生物培育肉的补充传统肉类的潜力，市场定位及未来主要技术的发展趋势。

Abstract:

Animal husbandry accounts for a large proportion of global total land use and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, prophylactic antibiotics are widely used in the process of large-scale animal breeding, resulting in drug-resistant bacteria, other pathogenic factors, and zoonotic diseases. More importantly, as the human population grows, the ever-growing demand for meat and dietary proteins cannot be satisfied by traditional animal husbandry. Therefore, cell-based meat production technology has emerged and developed rapidly. It displays potential to provide meat protein products without related environmental, ethical and technical issues. Although protein supply shortages due to the growing global population could be solved by cell-based meats, current key breakthrough technologies required for cell-based meat production are limited to laboratory scale research and production. Many technical bottlenecks in mass production of cell-based meat need further investigations. Based on the current status of the traditional husbandry industry and technology development trends within the cell-based meat production field, this review illustrates the potential for cell-based meats to supplement the meat supply provided by traditional animal husbandry, its market positioning, and trends in development of key future technologies.