该文研究了高糖饮食对后代雄性黑腹果蝇的寿命和育性的影响。通过构建高糖果蝇模型，测定果蝇的寿命、运动能力和胚胎孵化率。采用酶活力测定方法检测果蝇体内总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量；采用细胞核DAPI染色并结合拉曼光谱和拉曼成像观察了组织细胞结构和生物化学成分的变化；运用转录组测序和荧光定量PCR从基因水平探明影响其变化的机理。结果显示，与对照组相比，高糖组雄蝇的寿命显著缩短，中位生存期由34 d缩短到29 d（p<0.01），运动能力显著降低，约为对照组的46.32%（p<0.01）；同时，高糖组雄蝇体内的T-SOD和CAT活性显著降低，分别为对照组的83.47%（p<0.01）和79.47%（p<0.01），而MDA含量极显著增加，为对照组含量的1.51倍（p<0.01）；高糖组雄蝇的胚胎孵化率显著降低，由88.08%缩短到70.77%（p<0.01）；精巢DAPI染色结果表明精巢组织膨大异常，储精囊中没有明显的精子束；拉曼光谱表明高糖组雄蝇精巢组织中核酸和蛋白质等成分显著减少，拉曼成像也呈现不规则分布；转录组测序提示，高糖组差异表达基因富集在应激反应、发育过程和繁殖等方面。本研究证实了高糖饮食降低了雄蝇的寿命、运动能力和育性，可能是通过加剧氧化应激反应造成损伤。

The effects of a high-sucrose diet on the lifespan and fertility of male Drosophila melanogaster were studied. The lifespan, exercise ability, and hatch rate of D. melanogaster were measured after fly model establishment. Additionally, T-SOD and CAT activities and MDA content in D. melanogaster were measured by enzyme activity assay. DAPI staining, Raman spectroscopy, and Raman imaging were used to observe changes in the cell structure and biochemical components. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of these changes at the gene level. The results showed that, compared with those in the control group, the life span of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group was significantly shortened; the median lifespan decreased from 34 days to 29 days (p<0.01). Similarly, the exercise ability of this experimental group decreased significantly, to approximately 46.32% of that of the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, T-SOD and CAT activities of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group significantly decreased to 83.47% (p<0.01) and 79.47% (p<0.01), respectively, compared to those in the control group. However, MDA content of the high-sucrose diet group increased significantly to 1.51 times that of the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the embryo hatch rate of male flies significantly decreased, from 88.08% in the control group to 70.77% (p<0.01) in the experimental group. DAPI staining showed abnormal enlargement of the testis and no sperm bundles in the seminal vesicles of the experimental group. Raman spectroscopy revealed that nucleic acid and protein components in the testis tissue of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group; additionally, Raman imaging indicated irregular distributions. Transcriptome sequencing suggested that differentially expressed genes were enriched in aspects of stress response, development, and reproduction in the experimental group. Therefore, this study indicates that a high-sucrose diet reduces the longevity, exercise ability, and fertility of male flies and causes damage by aggravating oxidative stress responses.

国家自然科学基金青年项目（32102198）；湖北省自然科学基金青年项目（2021CFB195）；武汉轻工大学大宗粮油精深加工教育部重点实验室开放课题（2019GYBQGDKFB07；2020JYBQGDKFA01）；武汉轻工大学校立科研杰青项目