为了解山东潍坊地区黄瓜的农药残留状况，该研究采用保留指数-气相色谱-串联质谱法对在山东潍坊地区生产和流通环节采集的392份黄瓜样品进行623种农药及代谢物残留的定性筛查和定量检测，并进行农药残留风险评估及排序。结果表明，392份黄瓜样品中共检出55种农药及代谢物，检出率为0.26%~92.09%，筛查出19种现有国标方法（GB 23200.113-2018和GB 23200.8-2016）未覆盖的农药残留；5种农药超出最大残留限量，即螺螨酯（2.30%）、硫丹（1.02%）、甲霜灵（0.51%）、醚菌酯（0.26%）、哒螨灵（0.26%）；检出55种农药残留的慢性和急性膳食摄入风险均低于100%，摄入风险可接受；根据残留风险得分排序，中高风险农药占比较高（60%），特别是一些禁限用农药（硫丹、2,4-滴丁酯）的检出可能与农业投入品的隐性添加有关；流通环节（33.5%）检出农药数量高于15种的样品占比明显高于生产环节（4.08%），这一现象可能与从基地到市场的“三前环节”存在风险点，缺乏有效监管有关，建议加强“三前环节”监管和农药使用管理，确保农产品质量安全。

In order to understand the status of pesticide residues in cucumbers in Weifang, Shandong Province, 623 pesticides and metabolites in 392 cucumber samples produced and circulated in Weifang were qualitatively screened and quantitatively measured by retention index-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RI-GC-MS/MS). Dietary intake risks of the pesticide residues were assessed and ranked. In total, 55 pesticides and metabolites were detected in 392 cucumber samples with detection rates of 0.26%~92.09%. In particular, 19 pesticides which are not covered by the national food safety standard methods (GB 23200.113-2018 and GB 23200.8-2016. 19) were found. Among the pesticides detected, five pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limits. They are spirodiclofen (2.30%), endosulfan (1.02%), metalaxyl (0.51%), pyraclostrobin (0.26%), and pyridaben (0.26%). The chronic dietary intake and acute dietary intake risks of the 55 detected pesticide residues were all less than 100%, and the intake risks were acceptable. According to the residual risk score ranking, medium- and high-risk pesticides accounted for a relatively high proportion (60%) of the samples. In particular, the detection of some banned and restricted pesticides (endosulfan and 2,4-D butyl ester) may be related to the illegal addition of agricultural inputs. The present study found more residues in the circulation stage (33.5% of the samples having more than 15 pesticides) than in the production stage (4.08%). This phenomenon may be related to the existence of risk points and lack of effective supervision in the first three stages of transportation from the production base to the market. It is suggested that monitoring of these three stages and management of pesticide use should be strengthened to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.

国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1605600）