采用超高效液相色谱与飞行时间质谱联用（UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）技术对爬沙虫不同部位头、胸、腹的化学成分进行分析，并进行差异物质含量检测，从而探讨爬沙虫化学成分分布规律。超高效液相色谱条件：Waters acquity BEH amide色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm），流动相以25 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，流速0.2 mL/min，柱温30 ℃。质谱条件：Triple TOF 6600型四极杆串联飞行时间高分辨质谱仪，电喷雾离子源（ESI），在正负离子模式下采集数据。通过正、负离子质谱信息及元素组成分析，总共鉴定了25个成分，其中爬沙虫头、胸、腹中分别推定出19、21、19个化合物（包括9种氨基酸，6种有机酸，5种核苷和5个其他类成分），且有19个成分为爬沙虫中首次报道。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对爬沙虫不同部位的差异物质进行含量测定，表明差异物质含量在头、胸、腹中有显著差异（p<0.05）。该研究建立了一种高灵敏度、高分离度的爬沙虫化学成分快速分析方法，并鉴定出不同部位差异化合物，为爬沙虫的物质基础研究及使用部位的选择提供依据。

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the chemical constituents of the different parts of hellgrammites such as head, thorax and abdomen. The differential material contents were detected. The distribution patterns of the chemical constituents of hellgrammites was discussed. The ultra high performance liquid chromatography conditions were: Waters acquity BEH amide column, 100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; mobile phase, 25 mmol/L aqueous ammonium acetate solution and acetonitrile in gradient mode, flow rate 0.2 mL/min; column temperature, 30 ℃. Mass spectrometry conditions were: Triple TOF 6600 high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source, and data collection in positive and negative mode. A total of 25 compounds were identified in hellgrammites by means of positive and negative ion mass spectrometry information and element composition analysis. Among which, 19 compounds in the head, 21 compounds in the thorax and 19 compounds in the abdomen (including nine amino acids, six organic acids, five nucleosides and five other compounds), with 19 compounds being reported for the first time in hellgrammites. The contents of the differential constituents in different parts of hellgrammites were determined by HPLC. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of the differential components in the head, thorax and abdomen (p<0.05). This research showed an analytical method with high sensitivity, and high degree of separation for rapid analysis of the chemical composition of hellgrammites and identification of the differential compounds in different parts, which provides a basis for fundamental research of hellgrammites’ substances and the selection of their usable parts.

国家中医药管理局全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人教函[2019]41号）；贵州医科大学药用植物功效利用国家重点实验室开放课题（黔科合平台人才[2017]5110）；四川省科学技术厅应用基础研究计划（2020YJ0101）；贵州省中药民族药2011协同创新中心项目（黔教科研发[2012]311号）；西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目（CX2021SZ86）