以六种不同产地黄精-云南、广西滇黄精（Polygonatum kingianum），湖南、安徽多花黄精（Polygonatum cyrtonema）和黑龙江、辽宁鸡头黄精（Polygonatum sibiricum）为原料比较主要化学成分差异，通过提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制率及葡萄糖透析延迟指数分析其降血糖性能，筛选一种产地黄精与患病小鼠粪便体外发酵培养，通过16S rDNA测序，分析对糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群组成和结构调节作用。不同产地黄精成分间存在显著性差异（p<0.05）。广西黄精水提对物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为98.36%，对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为91.85%，显著高于其他产地（p<0.05），且葡萄糖透析指数呈增长趋势；综合分析后选择广西黄精水提物体外培养，通过测序发现变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）等有益菌丰度增大，而普雷沃氏菌（Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group）、瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus_2）等有害菌丰度降低，证明了广西黄精水提物可显著改善糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的多样性并调节肠道菌群的结构。相关研究对黄精化学成分的地区差异以及对糖尿病小鼠降血糖性能和肠道菌群的调节作用提供理论参考。

The main chemical components of Polygonatum from six different origins, Yunnan and Guangxi (Polygonatum kingianum), Hunan and Anhui (Polygonatum cyrtonema), and Heilongjiang and Liaoning (Polygonatum sibiricum) were compared. Their hypoglycemic properties were analyzed based on the inhibition rates against α-glucosidase and α-amylase and the glucose dialysis delay indices of their extracts. A screened Polygonatum was incubated in vitro with the feces of diabetic mice, and through 16S rDNA sequencing, the regulation of the composition and structure of the intestinal flora of diabetic mice were analyzed. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the components of the Polygonatum from different origins. The inhibitory rates of the aqueous extract of Guangxi Polygonatum kingianum were 98.36% against α-glucosidase and 91.85% against α-amylase, which were significantly higher than those of other origins (p<0.05). The glucose dialysis indices exhibited an increasing trend. After comprehensive analysis, Polygonatum kingianum from Guangxi was selected for in vitro incubation. The abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bifidobacterium increased, whilst the abundances of harmful bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group and Ruminococcus_2 decreased. These results revealed that the water extract of Guangxi Polygonatum kingianum can significantly improve the diversity of the intestinal flora of diabetic mice, and adjust the structure of the intestinal flora. The study provides a theoretical reference for the regional differences in the chemical composition of Polygonatum and its hypoglycemic function and regulatory effect on the intestinal flora in diabetic mice.

国家自然科学基金青年项目（32000252）；黑龙江省科学基金优秀青年项目（YQ2020C014）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M661236）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助（2572020BA03）；东北林业大学2020年大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202010225023）