该研究以中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana，简称中蜂）特色蜂蜜蓝莓蜜、野蔷薇蜜为研究对象，以荆条蜜、野桂花蜜为对照，采用GC-MS非靶向代谢组学，对特色蜂蜜代谢物聚类、功能富集分析，并筛选差异代谢物及功能注释。结果表明，4种蜂蜜共检测到90种代谢物，富集到210条通路上，其中富集前20的通路在碳水化合代谢（8条）、总览（9条）、膜运输（3条）三个模块；4种蜂蜜中都检测出去甲肾上腺素（Norepinephrine，NE），它富集到了唾液分泌、胃酸分泌等通路。根据VIP>1、log2FC>1、p<0.05筛选出2-酮丁酸、硬脂酸、肌醇等12种显著差异代谢物；2-酮丁酸和3-己烯二酸分别是蓝莓蜜和野蔷薇蜜的特征性物质。在改善人体消化吸收、促进蛋白质合成效果顺序为：野桂花蜜>荆条蜜>蓝莓蜜>野蔷薇蜜。该研究从代谢组学角度分析了不同蜂蜜营养成分差异，初步确定蓝莓蜜、野蔷薇蜜的特征性物质，其结果为鉴别蜂蜜真假、蜂蜜溯源识别提供相应参考。

Two kinds of mature Apis cerana honey, specifically blueberry and wild rose honeys, were chosen to represent Guizhou specialty honey, while vitex and osmanthus honeys were chosen as controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics was employed to perform clustering and functional enrichment analyses on the metabolites of the specialty honey, followed by the screening of differential metabolites and functional annotations. Among the four honeys, the analysis detected a total of 90 metabolites and enrichment in 210 pathways, of which the top 20 pathways belonged to three types: carbohydrate metabolism (8), overview (9), and membrane transport (3). Norepinephrine (NE) was detected in all four honeys and was enriched by saliva, gastric acid, and pancreatic secretions. Additionally, twelve significantly different metabolites (VIP>1, log2FC>1 and p<0.05), including 2-ketobutyric acid, stearic acid, and inositol, were detected. Moreover, 2-ketobutyric acid and 3-hexanedioic acid were found to be characteristic substances that were unique to blueberry and wild rose honeys, respectively. The abilities of the honeys to improve human digestion, absorption, and protein synthesis were ranked in the following order: osmanthus honey > vitex honey > blueberry honey > wild rose honey. Thus, by analyzing the differences in nutritional components from a metabolomics perspective, the characteristic substances in blueberry and wild rose honeys were preliminarily determined. Therefore, the results provide a reference for identifying the authenticity and traceability of honeys.

国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1100309）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑[2019]2270号）；黔农科院种质资源项目（[2020]16号）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-44-SYZ 8）