重金属在水产品中浓集能力强，可多种途径进入体内，当人体摄入的重金属超过一定量时，将会对机体产生各种危害，因此受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注，水产品中重金属的含量逐渐成为限制水产品食用安全的重要因素之一，但水产品中富集的重金属含量比较低，对其快速准确地测定有一定的难度。该文主要综述了水产品中重金属检测技术及样品前处理方法，介绍了世界各国和组织对水产品重金属限量的规定，重点介绍了样品前处理方法中常用的干灰化法、湿法消解、微波辅助提取、超声辅助提取法、离子交换预富集，及检测技术中电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法、液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法的原理、优缺点及应用现状，并对重金属的检测及其发展进行了总结与展望。

Heavy metals are concentrated in aquatic products and can enter the body in various ways. When the body's intake of heavy metals exceeds a certain amount, it will cause various hazards to the body. Therefore, more and more scholars pay attention to the fact that the content of heavy metals in aquatic products has gradually become one of the important reasons for limiting the safety of aquatic products, but the content of heavy metals enriched in aquatic products is relatively low, and it is difficult to determine them quickly and accurately. This article mainly reviews the heavy metal detection technology and sample pretreatment methods in aquatic products. It introduces the regulations of various countries and organizations on the heavy metal limit of aquatic products, and focuses on the dry ashing method and sample pretreatment methods commonly used in sample pretreatment methods. Wet digestion, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ion exchange preconcentration, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in detection technology, as well as the principles, advantages and disadvantages of detection methods, and the detection and development of heavy metals are summarized and prospected.

上海市科技创新行动计划项目（20392001700）；上海海关科研项目（SHK006-2020）；上海市科委项目（20DZ2291900）