低温连续相变萃取灵芝活性成分的工艺优化

Optimization of Extraction Process of Active Components from Ganoderma lucidum by Low-temperature Continuous Phase Transition

摘要:

本研究利用低温连续相变萃取工艺提取灵芝活性成分，以灵芝提取固形物、总糖、总三萜得率为主要指标，研究提取温度、提取时间、提取溶剂、溶剂浓度等因素对低温连续相变萃取灵芝活性成分的影响，通过正交实验确定最佳低温连续相变醇提灵芝活性成分的最佳工艺条件，并对该最佳工艺水提成分的总糖分子量情况分布进行GPC（凝胶渗透色谱）分析。实验结果表明：低温连续相变萃取灵芝活性成分的最佳工艺为：水提温度100 ℃、解析温度78 ℃、水提溶剂流速30 L/h、水提总时间5 h，水提后醇提，醇提温度85 ℃，解析温度68 ℃，醇提溶剂流速28 L/h、醇提总时间4 h。低温连续相变萃取灵芝固形物得率为7.56%，总糖得率为1.14%，总三萜得率为1.17%，比传统水提工艺分别高15.60%、23.91%和333.33%。根据水提液GPC谱图，发现低温连续相变萃取工艺较传统工艺要多2种组分。采用低温连续相变萃取工艺萃取灵芝活性成分，其活性成分得率显著提高，且多糖组分保留较多，适宜大批量工业化生产，本研究为灵芝的深加工提供了一定的理论支持。

Abstract:

In this study, the bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted by low-temperature continuous phase transition extraction technology. The yields of the extracted solids, total sugars and total triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum were taken as the main indices to study the effects of factors such as extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction solvent and solvent concentration on the bioactive components extracted by low-temperature continuous phase transition from Ganoderma lucidum. The extraction conditions for the bioactive components in Ganoderma lucidum were optimized by orthogonal experiments, and the molecular weight distribution of the total polysaccharides in the water extract obtained under such optimal conditions was analyzed by GPC (gel penetration chromatography). The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions for low-temperature continuous phase transition extraction of bioactive components from Ganoderma lucidum were: water extraction temperature, 100 ℃; desorption l temperature, 78 ℃; water extraction solvent flow rate, 30 L/h; total extraction time, 5 h; Ganoderma lucidum residues after water extraction were extracted using alcohol; ethanol extraction temperature, 85 ℃; desorption temperature, 68 ℃; ethanol extraction solvent flow rate, 28 L/h; total extraction time, 4 h. The yields of total solids, total sugars and total triterpenes extracted by low-temperature continuous phase transition from Ganoderma lucidum were 7.56 g/100 g, 1.14 g/100 g and 1.17 g/100 g, respectively, which were 15.60%, 23.91% and 333.33%, respectively, higher than those by traditional water extraction. According to the GPC spectrum of the water extract, it was found that the low-temperature continuous phase transition extraction led to two more components than the traditional process. The yield and number of the bioactive components extracted by the low-temperature continuous phase transition extraction process were significantly increased compared to the traditional process, which is suitable for large-scale industrial production. This study provides certain theoretical support for deep processing of Ganoderma lucidum.