动态低O2和高CO2气调处理对‘Bartlett’梨乙烯生成和货架品质的影响

Effect of Dynamic Low-O2 and High-CO2 Treatment on Ethylene Production and Shelf Quality of 'Bartlett' Pears During Controlled Atmosphere Storage

摘要:

本研究旨在与商业气调（O2=2.25%且CO2<0.10%）比较，探究动态气调（O2=0.90-1.25%且CO2=0.06-0.17%）对‘Bartlett’梨贮藏中实时乙烯数量以及两次出库包装后（2019年12月3日和2020年1月21日）在20 ℃贮藏1和5 d各气调库中不同果园梨果实品质和生理病害发生的影响。通过实时乙烯数量与褐斑病发病率之间的关系，预测动态气调处理的果实最适出库包装时间。与商业气调库中（CA 23）6个果园果实相比，动态气调库（CA 24）中6个果园果实在贮藏过程中乙烯数量减少了42.12%，在20 ℃贮藏1和5 d后能显著抑制果皮叶绿素（p=0.00和p=0.00）以及贮藏5 d后褐斑病发生（p=0.00），但对果实乙烯生成率、出库硬度、软化能力、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸降解影响不显著。在第二次出库包装时，CA 23平均褐斑病发病率为30.00%（已达到商业不可接受范围30.00%），但CA 24为17.04%。通过实时乙烯数量与褐斑病发病率之间的线性规律，得出在2020年3月7日CA 24平均褐斑病发病率为30.00%。相比与商业气调，动态气调可延长1个月果实寿命，使其更具商业应用价值。

Abstract:

The real-time ethylene cumulative during the controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and ethylene production rate, fruit firmness, peel chlorophyll content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, decay, and scald of dynamic O2 (0.90-1.25%) and CO2 (0.06-0.17%) treated ‘Bartlett’ pears were investigated from the different orchards after two packing times (December 3, 2019 and January 21, 2020) plus 1 and 5 d of storage at 20 °C Compared to the commercial CA treatment (O2=2.25% and CO2<0.10%), the optimum packing time was predicted by analyzing the relationship between the real-time ethylene cumulative and scald incidence. Compared to the pears from 6 orchards in the commercial CA room (CA 23), the ethylene cumulative of pears from 6 orchards in the dynamic CA room (CA 24) decreased by 42.12% during storage. After 1 and 5 d of storage at 20 °C, the dynamic CA treatment significantly reduced the degradation of peel chlorophyll (p=0.00 and p=0.00). Furthermore, the scald incidence was significantly decreased after 5 d of storage at 20 °C (p=0.00). However, the ethylene production rate, fruit firmness, softening, soluble solids content, and titratable acid were not affected by dynamic CA treatment. At the second packing time, the average scald incidence in CA 23 was 30.00% (the commercially unacceptable rate=30.00%), while the average scald incidence in CA 24 was 17.04%. According to the linear equation between the real-time ethylene cumulative and scald incidence, the average scald incidence in CA 24 will be 30.00% on March 7, 2020. Compared to the commercial CA treatment, dynamic CA treatment extends the additional storage life by 1 month by providing high commercial value.