体内胆固醇水平失衡会引起多种疾病，威胁人体健康。因此，控制体内胆固醇水平是目前普遍关注的问题。除常见的他汀和依齐麦布药物外，植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌等乳酸菌也已被证实可有效降低体内的胆固醇水平。大量研究发现，促使乳酸菌起到降胆固醇作用的主要物质与其在生长过程中产生的一类代谢产物胆盐水解酶（Bile salt hydrolase，BSH）相关。该研究通过对胆盐水解酶特性、功能介绍，总结分析了胆盐水解酶降胆固醇机制，以期为降胆固醇的深入研究提供理论基础，并为益生菌开发应用提供理论依据与指导。

An imbalance in cholesterol levels can cause a variety of diseases and is a threat to individual health. Therefore, controlling cholesterol levels has become a common concern. In addition to pharmacological therapy to lower cholesterol levels, using drugs like statins and ezetimibe, several lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus fermentum, have been shown to effectively reduce cholesterol levels. Numerous studies have shown that one of the primary metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria, bile salt hydrolase (BSH), is closely associated with the cholesterol-lowering properties of these bacteria. This article summarizes the characteristics and functions of BSH and the mechanism underlying its cholesterol-lowering effects to establish a theoretical basis for further studies on the cholesterol-reducing effects of BSH-producing lactic acid bacteria in humans and provide insights into their development and application as probiotics for cholesterol control.

上海市科技兴农项目（2019-02-08-00-07-F01152）；上海理工大学大学生创新创业训练计划（XJ2020324）