不同地区青稞的农药残留分析及慢性膳食暴露评估

Pesticide Residue Analysis and Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment of Highland Barley from Different Regions

摘要:

本研究以青海、西藏地区青稞样品为研究对象，以13种农药为测定指标，从而明确青稞中农药残留水平。在此基础上，结合相关标准，对两地青稞中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果表明，青海地区样品检出率为13.40%。检出农药有6种，分别为多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵、毒死蜱、野麦畏、氟乐灵。检出率分别为8.94%、1.63%、1.63%、0.81%、2.44%、0.81%。检出2.41%的样品存在2种及2种以上单个农药残留。西藏地区样品检出率8.55%。检出农药有4种，分别为多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵、氟乐灵。检出率分别为3.42%、3.42%、0.85%、1.71%。检出0.86%的样品存在2种单个农药残留。两地青稞中检出所有农药的慢性膳食摄入风险值大小符合（2~7岁）>（8~12岁）>（13~19岁）≥（>65岁）≥（20~50岁）≥（51~65岁），女性≥男性，%ADI值在0.0004%~0.14%之间，其结果远远小于100%，表明通过青稞摄入的农药残留对慢性膳食暴露风险的贡献极小。两地区样品检出农药残留种类、残留水平、风险值不同，但两地农药残留水平均属于安全限量内。

Abstract:

In this study, highland barley samples from Qinghai and Tibet regions were examined, and 13 pesticides were quantified to determine the levels of pesticide residues in the samples. The risks of chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues in highland barley from the two places were evaluated by comparison to the relevant standards. The results showed that the pesticide residue detection rate in Qinghai samples equaled 13.4%. Six pesticides were detected, namely carbendazim, difenoconazole, thiophanate-methyl, chlorpyrifos, triallate, and trifluralin, with the corresponding detection rates of 8.94%, 1.63%, 1.63%, 0.81%, 2.44%, and 0.81%. Two or more pesticide residues were found in 2.41% of the samples. The pesticide residue detection rate in the samples from Tibet was 8.55%. Four types of pesticides were detected: carbendazim, difenoconazole, thiophanate-methyl, and trifluralin, with detection rates of 3.42%, 3.42%, 0.85%, and 1.71%, respectively. Two pesticide residues were found in 0.86% of the samples. The chronic dietary exposure risk values for different age groups in China and of all pesticides detected in the highland barley samples from the two areas follow the order: (2~7 years) > (8~12 years) > (13~19 years) ≥ (> 65 years) ≥ (20~50 years) ≥ (51~65 years). The risk values for most female groups are higher than those of the corresponding male groups. The %ADI values range from 0.0004% to 0.14%, indicating that the contribution of pesticide residues from highland barley to the chronic dietary exposure risk is extremely low. The pesticide residue types, residual levels, and risk values of the highland barley samples from the two regions are different but the levels of pesticide residues in the highland barley samples from both regions are within the safety limit.