三种不同类型的丝瓜果实香气物质解析与比较

Detection and Comparison of Volatiles in Fruit from Three Different Kinds of Loofah

摘要:

为全面了解丝瓜果实香气挥发性成分，以及不同类型丝瓜的香气物质差异，本研究采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对三种不同类型丝瓜（普通丝瓜类型SG、大肉丝瓜类型DR、双青丝瓜类型YL）的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明，在三类丝瓜的商品果实中共定性挥发性物质55种，其中烃类化合物最多，为15种。YL、DR和SG中分别检出43、52和47种化合物，其中相对含量最高的化合物分别是苯甲醛、壬醛和芳樟醇。经主成分分析和层次聚类分析表明，55种化合物能够清晰区分SG与DR、YL，而DR和YL之间挥发性物质差异相对较小，这与三类丝瓜的生物学分类相关。通过单因素方差分析，三类丝瓜中两两比较检出30种差异显著化合物（p<0.05），并且20种差异化合物在SG中的含量高于DR和YL。己醛、反-2-己烯醛可能是丝瓜果实青味的主要贡献化合物，而苯乙醛可能是大肉丝瓜类型DR甜香的主要贡献物。本研究将为后续丝瓜香味性状的研究以及品质育种提供参考。

Abstract:

To fully identify the volatile compounds of loofah fruit aroma, and understand the variation features in different types of loofah, head space solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze the volatile profiles of three kinds of loofah (SG, DR and YL). A total of 55 volatiles were identified in three kinds of materials, in which 15 kinds of hydrocarbon compounds were identified and showed the most species. The 43, 52 and 47 volatiles were detected in the YL, DR and SG, respectively, in which benzaldehyde, nonanal and linalool with the highest relative content, respectively. The principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the 55 compounds were used. It indicated that SG was clearly distinguished from DR and YL, and the volatiles in DR and YL were similar. These results was consistent with the biological classification of three types of resources. The 30 distinct volatiles (p<0.05) were detected in two groups of three types of loofah through one-factor ANOVA. The 20 variant volatiles were displayed the higher contents compared to these of DR and YL. Hexanal and (E)-2-Hexenal were mainly related to the green aroma characteristics, while benzeneacetaldehyde might result in the sweet aroma in DR. The results of this work will provide the reference for the research of flavor traits and quality breeding of loofah.