湛江四种市售蔬菜农药残留的监测分析及洗涤方法对农残的影响

Monitoring Analysis in Four Varieties of Vegetables from Zhanjiang and Their Effects of Washing Methods on the Content of Pesticide Residues

摘要:

本文以湛江市售蔬菜为原料，采用随机与定点抽样的办法，采集上海青、生菜、菜心、油麦菜4个品种共80份样品，通过乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制法，按照GB/T 5009.199-2003方法进行蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测，考察不同蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的残留情况，并对数据进行整理分析。然后以菜心和油麦菜为原材料，考察清水、盐水、淘米水和食用小苏打洗涤四种洗涤方法对酶抑制率和农药残留去除率的影响。实验结果表明：样品有机磷和氨基甲酸脂类农残检出率为100%，其中有3个样品超标，超标率为0.094%，且超标样品均为上海青。四种洗涤方法对农残均有不同程度的去除作用，农残去除率为9.91%至96.26%。其中盐水洗涤对农残的去除效果最佳，油麦菜和菜心中农残的最佳去除方法均为10‰盐水浸泡20 min。

Abstract:

In this work, organophosphorus and carbamates pesticide residues of 80 samples obtained from four breeds of vegetables including Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.), flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) and Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var longifoliaf. L.) from local markets in Zhanjiang were detected by enzyme inhibition method according to national standard GB/T 5009.199-2003. Effects of different washing methods (washing with water, salt, rice washing water and edible baking soda respectively) on the pesticide residues in flowering Chinese cabbage and Romaine lettuce were studied. The results showed that the pesticide was found in all samples and the detection rate was 100%.Three samples, which were all Chinese cabbage, were proved to exceed the national standard, and the over standard pesticide residues rate was 0.094%. Four kinds of washing methods all affected the pesticide residues removement from vegetables, and the removement rates were from 9.91% to 96.26%. Compared to the other three methods, the salt water washing had the best effect on wiping out pesticide from the vegetables. The optimal washing effect for flowering Chinese cabbage and Romaine lettuce was soaked in 10‰ of salt water for 20 min.