水杨酸雾化熏蒸对新疆小白杏采后贮藏品质的影响

Effects of Salicylic Acid Spray Fumigation on Postharvest Quality of Xinjiang Xiaobai Apricot

摘要:

以新疆轮台小白杏为研究试材，在25±1 ℃室温贮藏条件下，采用浓度为10、30和50 mmol/L的水杨酸（salicylic acid, SA）雾化熏蒸处理，以蒸馏水作为对照。研究SA雾化熏蒸处理方式对小白杏采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，SA处理组能较好地保持小白杏的采后品质。其中，30 mmol/L SA雾化熏蒸处理的小白杏贮藏品质最好，可以保持较高的硬度。SA雾化熏蒸能抑制果实失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、抗坏血酸（Vc）含量和细胞膜渗透性的降低。在贮藏第6 d时，30 mmol/L SA处理的小白杏的硬度为9.00 N、失重率10.20%、可溶性固形物的含量14.60%、可滴定酸含量0.73%、Vc含量7.14 mg/100 g和细胞膜渗透性为49.90%，这表明SA雾化熏蒸方式能够很好的保持小白杏的采后品质和营养成分；30 mmol/L SA处理可以显著减少小白杏腐烂率的发生，第6 d时的腐烂率仅为1.66%；SA处理能降低小白杏的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量，推迟呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰1 d后出现，峰值分别降低了16.23%和20.01%，与对照组比较具有显著性差异。雾化熏蒸保鲜技术作为一种新的处理方式可以显著提高新疆小白杏的贮藏品质。

Abstract:

The Xinjiang Xiaobai apricot was taken as the tested material, which was fumigated by salicylic acid (SA) with different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mmol/L) and distilled water (as control), then stored at room temperature (25±1℃). The effect of SA on the quality of apricot during postharvest storage was investigated. The results showed that compared with the control, the SA treatment can maintain the quality of Xiaobai apricot in different degrees. SA treatment significantly reduced the rate of weight loss, the contents of soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (Vc), and cell membrane permeability. On the 6th day of storage, the firmness, weight loss rate, the contents of TSS, TA, Vc and cell membrane permeability were 9 N, 10.20%, 14.6%, 0.73%, 7.14 mg/100 g, and 49.90% in apricot group treated with 30 mmol/L SA treatment, respectively. The quality and nutritional components of apricot during storage were well maintained by SA fumigation treatment. The decay rate of apricot by 30 mmol/L of SA treatment was significantly reduced, which was only 1.66% on the 6th day. The respiration rate and ethylene production of the SA treated apricot were decreased as well. The peaks of respiratory and ethylene were delayed 1 day and reduced by 16.23% and 20.01% respectively, which were significantly different from the control group. In conclusion, the fumigation technology as a new treatment could significantly improve the storage quality of Xinjiang Xiaobai apricot.