本研究通过采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法结合保留指数（RI）对牡丹皮蒸馏法、水蒸气蒸馏法、水蒸气加酒精灯加热蒸馏法、乙醚超声波萃取法和超临界CO2萃取法这五种提取方法所制备的挥发油进行分析，通过比较挥发油得油率、化合物成分和丹皮酚提取率，选出最佳提取方法。五种方法的得油率分别为：1.03%、2.97%、4.45%、2.85%、0.63%，确定所得化合物的种类依次为21、22、22、23和22种，主要包括酚、烷烃、酸、酯、酮、醇和醛类等成分。五种方法获得的丹皮酚含量分别为：76.34%、72.49%、91.54%、60.04%和75.90%。以得油率和丹皮酚提取率为指标，水蒸气加酒精灯加热蒸馏法提取牡丹皮挥发油的提取率最高，可用于牡丹皮挥发油的提取；以化合物成分为指标，则超临界CO2萃取法和乙醚超声波萃取法，鉴别出的成分更全面。

In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with retention index (RI) method was developed for the analysis of volatile oil extracted from cortex moutan by the following five extraction methods: water distillation, steam distillation, steam-alcohol lamp heating distillation, ether ultrasonic extraction, and supercritical CO2 extraction. The best method was selected through comparing the yield of the volatile oil, composition and extraction rate of paeonol. The oil yields obtained by the five methods were 1.03%, 2.97%, 4.45%, 2.85%, and 0.63%, respectively, with the types of extracted compounds as 21, 22, 22, 23, and 22, respectively (mainly phenols, alkanes, acids, esters, ketones, alcohols and aldehydes). The contents of paeonol obtained by the five methods were 76.34%, 72.49%, 91.54%, 60.04% and 75.9%, respectively. Taking the oil yield and paeonol extraction rate as the indices, the steam-alcohol lamp heating distillation method resulted in the highest extraction rate of volatile oil from cortex moutan, which could be used for the extraction of volatile oil from cortex moutan. Taking the extracted compounds as indices, a more comprehensive profile of the identified components was obtained by the supercritical CO2 extraction and the ether ultrasonic extraction.

河南省自然科学基金项目（182300410047）；河南省科技攻关项目（202102110046）