瓜田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及其健康风险评估

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalates in Melon Field Soil

摘要:

为评估新疆地区瓜田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalateesters，PAEs）的污染特征及其对人体健康风险，在评估区域采集了33个表层土样，采用气相色谱质谱联用技术进行检测，分析了土壤中检测出的11种PAEs化合物含量及主要成分，与美国纽约州制定的土壤中PAEs控制和治理标准进行比较，同时通过美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐的模型，对5种检测出优先控制的PAEs进行了人体健康风险评估。检测结果显示评估区域瓜田土壤中共检测出11种PAEs化合物，含量在57.30～3272.70 μg/kg之间，平均值为253.10 μg/kg；邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）为主要污染物，占PAEs化合物总含量的90%以上；33份土壤样品中有6个样品DEP含量超过控制标准（未超过治理标准），超标率为18%，其余样品PAEs单体含量均未超过控制标准和治理标准；优先控制化合物对人体产生的非致癌风险（HQ）值均小于1.0，邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）和DEHP的致癌风险（CR）值均小于1.0×10-6，均在可接受范围之内。综合以上分析结果可以得出：评估区域瓜田土壤样本中存在PAEs污染的现象，与国内其他城市设施土壤PAEs含量相比，本研究中土壤PAEs含量相对不高，其污染程度、致癌风险和非致癌风险均在可接受范围之内。

Abstract:

In order to assess the pollution characteristics of Phthalate esters (PAEs) in the melon fields of Xinjiang and their risks to human health, 33 surface soil samples were collected in the assessment area and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content and main components of the 11 PAEs compounds detected in the soil were analyzed, compared with the control and treatment standards for PAEs in the soil, and the five types of detection were tested by the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and PAEs with priority control were evaluated for human health risks. The test results showed that total of 11 PAEs compounds were detected in the melon field soil in the assessment area, the content ranging from 57.30 to 3272.70 μg/kg, with the average value of 253.10 μg/kg; bis-iso-butyl ester (DIBP), bis-ethyl ester (DEP) andbis-2-ethylhexyl ester (DEHP) are the main pollutants, accounting for more than 90% of the total content of PAEs compounds; DEP contents in 6 soil samples exceed the control standard (not exceeding the governance standard), the rate of exceeding the standard is 18%, the remaining samples does not exceed the control standard and the governance standard; priority control of the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) value of the compound to the human body is less than 1.0. Both benzylbutyl ester (BBP) and DEHP carcinogenic risk (CR) values are less than 1.0×10-6, within the acceptable range. Based on the above analysed results, it can be concluded that the PAEs pollution phenomenon in the soil samples of the melon fields in the assessment area is relatively low compared with the PAEs content of soils in otherurban facilities. The soil PAEs content in this study is relatively low, and its pollution degree, carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risks are within the acceptable range.