河北酿造高粱籽粒中7种常用农药的残留与安全评价

Analysis and Risk Assessment of Seven Conventional Pesticides Residue in Brewing Sorghum Grains Grown in Hebei Province

摘要:

为了解河北生产上酿酒高粱籽粒中农药残留情况，本研究收集生产上20个籽粒样品和一个高粱白酒样品，同时记录籽粒样品产区、品种、栽培技术、所用农药等详细信息，参考GB/T 20770-2008和GB 23200.113-2018对莠去津、吡虫啉、抗蚜威、克百威、六六六、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺等7种农药进行检测，根据GB 2763-2019进行安全评价。结果表明，籽粒样品农药残留检出率为80%，超标率为25%，酒样中未检测出农药残留。检出农药为毒死蜱和氯虫苯甲酰胺，检出率分别为70%、25%；超标农药为氯虫苯甲酰胺，最大残留量为726 μg/kg。喷施毒死蜱和氯虫苯甲酰胺样品中相应农药检出率分别为100%、50%，超标率分别为0、50%。采用农药防治与免施农药两种虫害防治技术的样品中农残超标率分别为41.67%和0。农残检出率较低的品种为冀酿2号和冀酿3号，检出率均为75%；农残超标率较低的品种为红茅粱6号和冀酿2号，超标率分别为0和12.50%。本研究结果可以为确立酿造高粱农药残留检测指标提供理论依据，为酒厂选用安全酿造高粱原粮提供参考。

Abstract:

To understand the situation of pesticide residues in sorghum grains grown in Hebei province, 20 sorghum grain samples and one liquor sample were collected, and the sample information in detail, such as producing areas, varieties, cultivation techniques, used pesticides and so on, were recorded. Seven conventional pesticide residues, including, atrazine, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, carbofuran, benzene hexachloride, chlorpyrifos, and chlorantraniliprole, were detected in samples according to GB/T 20770-2008 and GB 23200.113-2018. Each pesticide residue in sorghum was assessed according to GB 2763-2019. The results showed that the percentage of grain samples containing pesticide residues was 80%, and the percentage of grain samples containing pesticide residues exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs) was 25%, but there was no pesticide residue in liquor sample. The residues of chlorpyrifos and chlorantranliliprole were found at or above the detection limits, with the detection rates were 70% and 25%, respectively. The maximum residue of chlorantranliliprole was 726 μg/kg, which was above MRL. In samples used pesticides, the detection rate and the over-standard rate of chlorpyrifos were 100% and 0, respectively, and that of chlorantraniliprole were both 50%. In samples used pest control methods with and without pesticides, the over-standard rates of pesticide residues were 41.67% and 0, respectively. Of all the varieties tested, the pesticide detection rates in Jiniang No. 2 and Jiniang No. 3 were both 75%, and lower than that in others. The pesticide over-stand rates in Hongmaoliang No. 6 and Jiniang No. 2 were 0 and 12.50%, respectively, and lower than that in others. The findings of this work could provide a theoretical basic for confirming pesticide residues detection items in brewing sorghum, and a reference for distilleries to choose safe brewing sorghum grains.