近年来我国沿海区域的城市化和工业化推动经济高速发展，众多的重金属冶炼、加工等企业蓬勃发展，随之而来的是大量工业废水排放到海洋中，导致海洋污染问题日益加重。其中重金属由于高危性及难治理性，被认为是环境中重要的污染物之一。重金属等污染物在海洋环境中浓度累计达到一定程度后，会影响生物体的正常生长发育，进而对生物种群乃至整个生态系统的结构产生不可逆的破坏作用。随着系统生物学的不断发展，为探求重金属等对海洋生物的生态毒性效应以及生物体的响应机制提供更加有力的工具。本文主要针对重金属污染现状、毒理效应以及基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学技术在海洋生态毒理学研究中的应用进行综述，旨在为海洋重金属检测及环境风险评估提供理论参考。

In recent years, the urbanization and industrialization of China's coastal areas have promoted rapid economic development. Many enterprises of heavy metal smelting, processing, etc. have flourished. These led to a large amount of industrial wastewater, which has been discharged into the ocean, resulting in marine pollution. Among them, heavy metals are considered to be one of the important pollutants in the environment due to their high risk and difficult to treat. After the concentration of heavy metals and other pollutants reaches a certain level in the marine environment, it will affect the normal growth and development of the organisms, thereby causing irreversible damage to the structure of biological populations and even the entire ecosystem. With the continuous development of system biology, it could be provide a more powerful tool to explore the ecotoxic effects of heavy metals on marine organisms and the response mechanism of organisms. This paper focused on the status of heavy metal pollution, toxicological effects, and the application of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques in marine ecotoxicology, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for marine heavy metal detection and environmental risk assessment.

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1600702)；山东省现代农业产业技术体系藻类创新团队加工与质量安全控制岗项目（SDAIT-26-05）；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目（SF1805301301）