浓香型白酒窖泥的真核菌群结构分析

Eukaryotic Community Structure of Strong Flavor Baijiu Mud

摘要:

本研究采用Illumina高通量测序分析浓香型白酒新老窖池池壁泥与池底泥真核菌群结构。老窖池底泥的6个样本中只有1个样本扩增并测序成功，说明老窖池池底泥真菌含量非常少。门水平上，窖泥的绝对优势门均为Ascomycota（98.80%~63.14%），新老池底泥真菌组成更相似，新老池壁泥真菌组成更相似。属水平上，新窖池底泥中Candida占绝对优势（82.79%），老窖池底泥中只有Candida（97.24%），新老池壁泥的真菌组成更接近且更丰富，优势属包括Candida（11.99% vs 3.72%）、Pichia（3.69% vs 5.09%）、Aspergillus（4.87% vs 4.41%）等。老窖池底泥的pH值（5.69）、铵态氮（2.54 g/Kg）、乙酸（689.97 mg/Kg）和K+（1252.19 mg/Kg）含量最高；新窖池底泥总酯（7.12 mg/g）最高。聚类分析显示池底泥真核菌群的聚类效果更集中。冗余分析（RDA）表明，Ca2+与池底泥真核菌群呈强烈正相关，解释度最高（45.9%），具极显著贡献（p<0.01），说明Ca2+含量对池底泥的真核菌群组成具有重要作用。

Abstract:

Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used in this study to analyze the eukaryotic community structure of bottom-pit-mud (BPM) and wall-pit-mud (WPM) of the young or old mud pits of Chinse strong-flavor Baijiu (CSFB). Only 1 of the 6 old BPM samples was successfully amplified and sequenced, indicating that the content of fungus was very low. At the phylum level, Ascomycota showed absolute predominance in pit mud (98.80%~63.14%), and the fungal composition of BPM in the new and old pits were very similar. At the genus level, Candida showed absolute predominance in young BPM (82.79%) and in old BPM (97.24%), with the WPM of the old and young pits having similar fungal composition and high fungal richness, with Candida (11.99% vs. 3.72%), Pichia (3.69% vs. 5.09%), Aspergillus (4.87% vs. 4.41%) as the dominant genera. The BPM of the old pits had the highest pH (5.69), ammonium nitrogen content (2.54 g/Kg), acetic acid content (689.97 mg/Kg) and K+ content (1252.19 mg/Kg), while the total ester content (7.12 mg/g) was the highest in young BPM. Cluster analysis showed that the cluster effect of the fungal communities in BPM was greater. Redundancy analysis indicated that Ca2+ content had a strong and positive correlation with BPMs (45.9% explanation, significant contribution at p<0.01), indicating the important role of Ca2+ content in eukaryotic community composition of BPM.