宁夏地区枸杞所携带真菌的分子鉴定

Molecular Identification of Fungi Carried by Lycium barbarum from Ningxia

摘要:

宁夏是宁夏枸杞的主要种植地，枸杞鲜果加工或干果储藏不当易发霉变质造成经济损失。本研究使用真菌培养及分子生物学技术分析引起宁夏枸杞干果霉变的主要真菌种类，并探讨宁夏枸杞干果霉变可能造成的危害。从宁夏的五个村庄采集的枸杞霉变果实中分离培养真菌菌株，将分离到的菌株提取DNA，利用生物条形码技术对致病真菌进行扩增和鉴定，并使用最大似然法进行菌株系统发生分析。从宁夏枸杞分离出45株真菌，经鉴定发现存在10个属的真菌，分别为：链格孢属（Alternaria spp.）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium spp.）、立枯丝核菌属（Rhizoctonia spp.）、木霉属（Trichoderma spp.）、Filobasidium属（Filobasidium spp.）、青霉属（Penicillium spp.）、弯孢霉菌（Curvularia spp.）、毛霉菌属（Mucor spp.）、黑曲霉菌（Aspergillus spp.）、红酵母菌属（Rhodotorula spp.）。导致宁夏枸杞干果霉变的真菌最常见的为链格孢属，至少四种检出真菌能够产生真菌毒素，可能会造成食品安全问题。因此，需要加强和完善相关法律法规，对宁夏枸杞中的真菌种类和数量进行限制。

Abstract:

Ningxia is the main planting area of Lycium barbarum. Due to improper storage conditions, L. barbarum is very prone to mildew. It has caused significant economic losses. This study mainly analyzed the main fungal species causing mold and mildew of L. barbarum in Ningxia, and discussed the relevant consequences. The fungal strains were isolated from the mildewed fruits of L. barbarum collected from five villages in Ningxia. The strains were identified based on biobarcode technology and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The 45 isolated strains were identified as 10 genus, including: Alternaria spp.、Fusarium spp.、Rhizoctonia solani、Trichoderma longibrachiatum、Filobasidium magnum、Penicillium chrysogenum、Curvularia spicifera、Mucor fragilis、Aspergillus niger、Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. At least four fungi might produce mycotoxins, causing food safety problems. Therefore, the relevant laws and regulations should be revised to manage the quality of L. barbarum.