钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的提取工艺研究

Study of the Extraction Process of Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis

摘要:

为了研究钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白提取工艺的最佳条件，本文以钝顶螺旋藻干粉为原料，探讨高速匀浆法提取藻蓝蛋白过程中的各因素对其得率和产品纯度的影响。通过单因素与正交试验，确定最佳提取条件。结果表明：采用pH 7.0的PBS缓冲液为提取溶剂时，藻蓝蛋白得率最高为157.75 mg/g。经优化，当缓冲液溶剂添加量20倍，提取温度30 ℃，分3次匀浆提取共40 min时藻蓝蛋白得率达213.32 mg/g。比较乙醇沉淀法、酸沉淀法和盐沉淀法对藻蓝蛋白回收率的影响，结果表明采用50%的硫酸铵沉淀法藻蓝蛋白回收率达97.10%，藻蓝蛋白的纯度最高。采用高速匀浆法处理提取藻蓝蛋白，采用30%和50%分步盐析回收藻蓝蛋白，以本方法可获得纯度0.7以上的藻蓝蛋白239.70 mg/g干粉。经紫外可见光谱扫描显示，提取的藻蓝蛋白与藻蓝蛋白标品光谱特征一致。

Abstract:

In order to investigate the best extraction technology of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis (A. platensisi), the Spirulina platensis dry powder was used as raw material to evaluate the effects of high-speed homogenization on on extraction yield of phycocyanin. The extraction conditions were optimized by means of single factor test and orthogonal designed experiments. Results showed that the extraction yield of phycocyanin was 157.75 mg/g when pH 7.0 PBS buffer as solvent was chose. The optimized condition was as follows: The solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, the extraction temperature of 30 ℃, the extraction time of 40 min and the extraction times of 3. At this condition, the extraction yield of phycocyanin was 213.32 mg/g. By comparing the effects of ethanol, acid and salt precipitation on the recovery of phycocyanin, the results showed that the recovery rate of phycocyanin was 97.10% and the purity of phycocyanin was the highest when 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation method was used. Phycocyanin was extracted by high-speed homogenization and recovered by 30% and 50% two-step salt precipitation. Under these conditions, 239.70 mg/g of phycocyanin with the purity over 0.7 could be obtained from each 1 g Spirulina powder. The UV spectra results showed that the extracted phycocyanin met with the spectral characteristics of the standard phycocyanin product.