为研究三疣梭子蟹蟹黄油（egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus，Pt-egg oil）对糖尿病大鼠高血糖症的改善作用及机制，本文采用注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型，给予100和400 mg/kg·bw的Pt-egg oil 60 d。实验结束后，检测大鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素水平，检测葡萄糖耐受性，采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Pt-egg oil对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素信号通路关键基因mRNA表达水平，采用Western blotting法检测Pt-egg oil对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素信号通路关键蛋白表达的影响。结果显示，经Pt-egg oil饲喂后，大鼠的空腹血糖水平显著地降低了36.52%（p<0.01），血清胰岛素浓度增加了40.21%（p<0.01），葡萄糖耐受性显著改善，骨骼肌磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase，PI3K）、蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）和葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glucose transporter 4，Glut4）基因mRNA分别显著增加了114.52%、83.17%和90.06%（p<0.01），蛋白表达分别显著提高了1.54倍、1.61倍和1.37倍（p<0.01），细胞膜上Glut4蛋白表达提高了1.27倍（p<0.01）。表明Pt-egg oil能通过激活PI3K/Akt胰岛素信号通路起到降低糖尿病大鼠血糖的作用。

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects and mechanism of egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus (Pt-egg oil) on hyperglycaemia improvement in diabetic mice. The diabetes model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were given Pt-egg oil at 100 and 400 mg/(kg·body weight) for 60 days, respectively. The fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin concentration, and glucose tolerance were determined. The mRNA expression of the key genes in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats was measured by the quantitative real time PCR assays. The proteins expression levels in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats was analyzed by Western blotting. Results showed that Pt-egg oil could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose level by 36.52% (p<0.01), increase serum insulin concentration by 40.21% (p<0.01), and improve glucose tolerance. The phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) gene mRNA expression in skeletal muscle increased by 114.52%, 83.17%, and 90.06%, respectively. The protein expression of these three genes increased by 1.54-fold, 1.61-fold, and 1.37-fold, respectively. Glut4 protein expression in membrane was also enhanced by 1.27-fold (p<0.01). These indicated that Pt-egg oil might exhibit the effects on hyperglycaemia improvement via activation of PI3K/Akt insulin signal pathway in diabetic rats.

国家自然科学基金项目（41806182）；舟山市科技计划项目（2016C41012）