本文主要综述了决明子的功效及近些年服用决明子后的不良反应，并对决明子的主要成分及含量进行分析，筛查出其中的潜在风险因子，主要有蒽醌类物质，植物甾醇及其氧化物和生物碱等。重点对这些潜在风险因子进行分析，包括它们的性质、结构和安全性分析。大黄素等蒽醌类物质具有平面刚性结构，能显著抑制L-02细胞的活性；植物甾醇与胆固醇的结构类似，易被氧化而产生与胆甾醇氧化物（COPs）类似危害的植物甾醇氧化物（POPs），谷甾醇氧化物能显著抑制HepG2的细胞活性；腺嘌呤对大鼠口服也具有明显的急性毒性。最后对决明子提取物的毒理性研究进行展望，指出应建立体外毒理学评价模型、剂量-反应模型和结构-毒性模型，形成基础毒理数据库，构建保健食品安全性评价预警体系，提出安全限值建议。

This paper mainly reviews the efficacy and adverse reactions of Cassia tora seed consumption found in recent years, and analyzes the major components and their contents in Cassia tora seed. The main potential risk factors screened included anthraquinones, phytosterols and their oxides, and alkaloids. Emphasis was placed on the analysis of these potential risk factors, including their properties, structure and safety. Anthraquinones such as emodin have a planar, rigid structure and can significantly inhibit the activity of L-02 cells. Phytosterols have similar structure to cholesterol, are easily oxidized to produce persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are similar to harmful COPs., which can significantly inhibit the activity of HepG2 cells. Oral administration of adenine also caused significant acute toxicity in rats. Finally, prospects of the toxicological research on Cassia tora seed extract were presented, along with the need to set up in vitro toxicological evaluation model, dose-response model and structure-toxicity model for developing a basic toxicological database and an early warning system to assess the safety of health food products and safety limits.

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1602101；2017YFC1601003）；国家食品科学与工程一流学科建设项目（JUFSTR20180203）