西北地区四种蜜源蜂蜜的农药残留风险暴露评估

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues to Four Nectar Honey in Northwest China

摘要:

采集近两年西北地区油菜蜜、葵花蜜、洋槐蜜和枸杞蜜样品，对其中的五种农药（啶虫脒、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、多菌灵和克螨特）进行残留检测。针对儿童，孕龄女性及老人三类敏感人群，用风险商值进行蜂蜜膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明，五种农药残留的检出率在5.22%~29.57%之间，参照欧盟限定的农药残留最大限量标准，13.91%的啶虫脒含量超标，吡虫啉超标率为7.83%。不同蜜源蜂蜜的农药残留检出率从25%~100%，枸杞蜜农药检出率最高。对不同蜜源植物蜂蜜的农药残留含量进行方差分析，发现多菌灵，啶虫脒和吡虫啉残留水平都存在显著差异，这可能跟蜜粉源植物中农药的污染程度密切相关。三类人群的风险商值均低于1%，说明残留风险较低，可以接受。在不同人群中，10岁以下儿童的膳食暴露风险最高。

Abstract:

Samples of rape honey, sunflower honey, acacia honey and medlar honey were collected in the past two years. Residues of the five pesticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, carbendazim, and propargite) were detected. The risk assessment of dietary honey exposure to children, gestational age Female and old man was conducted using the risk quotient RQ%. The results showed that the detection rate of the five pesticides was between 5.22% and 29.57%. With reference to the European Union's limit of pesticide residue, 13.91% of acetamiprid content was exceeded, and the over-standard rate of imidacloprid was 7.83%. The detection rate of pesticide residues in different sources of honey ranged from 25% to 100%, and the detection rate of medlar honey was the highest. ANOVA analysis of pesticide residues in honey from different honey plants revealed significant differences in the residual levels of carbendazim, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, which may be closely related to the degree of pesticide contamination in the pollen source plants. The risk quotients (RQ%) of the three groups were all less than 1%, indicating that the residual risk is low and acceptable. In different populations, children under 10 years of age have the highest dietary exposure risk.