新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)叶黄酮类成分研究

Study on the Flavonoids in the Leaves of Prunus cerasifera Grown in Xinjiang

摘要:

此项目研究了新疆野生樱桃李叶乙酸乙酯活性部位中的黄酮类化学成分。采用甲醇浸泡提取野生樱桃李叶，依次采用环己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取其醇提物。乙酸乙酯活性部分采用MCI (Middle Chromatogram Isolated Gel)大孔树脂柱粗分离，后续进一步采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱，ODS (Octadecyl silane)反向硅胶柱和制备HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化，并根据化合物理化性质和核磁共振波谱(NMR)数据并与相关参考文献比对鉴定化合物结构。从野生樱桃李叶中共分离并鉴定11个黄酮类化合物，分别为：槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(1)，槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(2)，槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(3)，槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4)，山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(5)，山柰酚-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(6)，山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)，山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8)，反式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9)，顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10)，顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)。所有黄酮类成分均为首次从新疆野生樱桃李叶中分离鉴定，槲皮素和山柰酚糖苷是其主要的黄酮类成分。

Abstract:

This study analyzed the chemical constituents of flavonoids in the active fraction of ethyl acetate in the leaves of Prunus cerasifera. The leaves were firstly soaked in methanol and the alcoholic extract was extracted sequentially using cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The active fraction of ethyl acetate was roughly separated by MCI (Middle Chromatogram Isolated Gel) macroporous resin column, followed by further purification by chromatography using silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 gel column, ODS (Octadecyl silane) reverse silica gel column and preparative HPLC. The isolated flavonol constituents were identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses. Identification of compounds based on their physicochemical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) data and through comparison with related references. Eleven flavonol flavonoids were isolated and identified: quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-xyloside (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (3), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xyloside (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (8), trans-dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (9), cis-dihydrokaemp-ferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (10), cis-dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (11). All flavonoids were isolated and identified from the leaves of P. cerasifera for the first time, with quercetin and kaempferol glycosides being the major flavonoids.