沙田柚皮精油分子蒸馏分离及成分分析

Molecular Distillation Separation and Composition Analysis of Essential Oil from Shatian Pomelo Peel

摘要:

为比较不同方法提取沙田柚果皮精油的成分，分别采用冷磨法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取沙田柚果皮精油，使用分子蒸馏设备将所得原油分别分为轻、重组分，通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）分别对原油及各组分进行成分分析，得到柚皮冷磨油和水蒸气蒸馏油及其各自轻重组分挥发性成分的指纹图谱。结果显示共检出33种挥发性成分，主要为烯烃类、醇类、酯类、醛类和酮类。冷磨油和水蒸气蒸馏油挥发性成分差别较大，共有成分为14种，经对比分析发现冷磨法比水蒸气蒸馏法更能保留原有的精油香气成分。分子蒸馏分离后，各级馏分中成分数量及相对含量差异显著，轻组分中烯烃类物质含量均超过99%，说明分子蒸馏可有效分离纯化沙田柚精油，可用于柚子精油的综合加工利用。

Abstract:

In order to compare the components of Shatian pomelo peel essential oil by different methods, essential oil of Shatian pomelo peels were extracted by cold grinding method and steam distillation, respectively. Further, molecular distillation equipment was used to separate the essential oils into light and heavy components. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the composition and structure of essential oils and its components, and the finger-prints of essential oil of cold grinding oil and steam distillation oil of pomelo peel were obtained. The results showed that there were 33 kinds of volatile components, mainly for alkenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes and ketones. There were significant differences on volatile components between the cold grinding oil and steam distillation oil, and the common components were 14 kinds. Cold grinding method were more able to keep the aroma components of the original than steam distillation method. After separation by molecular distillation, the fractions, quantities and relative contents of fractions at different levels were significantly different. The content of olefins in the light fractions was more than 99%, indicating that the molecular distillation could effectively purify Shatian pomelo essential oil and could be used for comprehensive processing and utilization of pomelo essential oil.