井冈山黑木耳多糖的制备及结构分析

Preparation and Structure Analysis of Aurcularia auricular Polysaccharide from Jinggang Mountains

摘要:

本研究以江西井冈山黑木耳为原料提取制备黑木耳多糖（Aurcularia auricular polysaccharide，AAP），对其提取工艺进行探讨并对其结构进行分析。通过比较超声法、纤维素酶法、超声协同纤维素酶法、超声协同纤维素酶及胰蛋白酶四种不同提取工艺制得的黑木耳粗多糖的含量及得率确定最优提取方法。结果表明，超声协同纤维素酶法制得的黑木耳粗多糖多糖含量最高（85.93%），得率为1.55%；以该法提取得的多糖为研究对象，经脱蛋白、脱色及醇沉处理，在异丙醇体积分数为20%及60%时得到两种黑木耳分级精多糖（AAP3-20、AAP3-60），AAP3-20单糖组成分析只检出葡萄糖（77.82%）；AAP3-60单糖组成相对复杂主要是甘露糖（51.91%）、木糖（43.62%）及少量的葡萄糖和半乳糖。甲基化结果表明，AAP3-20和AAP3-60的支化度分别为73.1%和27.4%，AAP-60在669 cm-1处存在吸收峰，表明该多糖可能为一种β-型吡喃多糖。本研究可为探讨黑木耳多糖精细结构以及产品开发提供理论依据。

Abstract:

The polysaccharides of Aurcularia auricular (AAP)sampled from Jinggang mountains, Jiangxi province, was extracted and structural identified. The optimal extraction method was established by comparing the content and yield of crude AAP by 4 different extraction methods, including ultrasound, cellulase, ultrasound synergistic cellulase, ultrasound synergistic cellulase and trypsin. The results showed that the content of AAP extracted by ultrasound synergistic cellulase method was the highest (85.93%), and the yield was 1.55%. Two kinds of A.auricular polysaccharides , named AAP3-20 and AAP3-60, were obtained when the volume fraction of isopropanol was 20% and 60%, respectively, after deproteinization, decoloration and alcohol precipitation. Monosaccharide analysis suggested that the monosaccharide composition of AAP3-20 was only glucose (77%) and the AAP3-60 was composed of mannose (51.91%), xylose (43.62%) and a small amount of glucose and galactose. Methylation analysis showed that the branching degree of AAP3-20 and AAP3-60 were 73.1% and 27.4%, respectively, and AAP-60 had an absorption peak at 669 cm-1, indicating that the polysaccharide might be in the form of β-pyran ring. This research could provide a theoretical basis for investigate the fine-strucure of AAP and the development of related products.