酒在现代生活中日趋重要，适量饮酒有促进活血、预防心血管疾病的功能，但长期过量饮酒，会损害肝、胃和脾等器官甚至导致神经性疾病，这已成为人们十分关注的问题。秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans，C.elegans）作为一种特殊的模式生物，具有相对简单且已明晰的生理结构（特别是其神经结构），以及大量被证实的与人类疾病相关的同源基因，因而被用作生物模型来研究疾病发生的分子靶点和相关神经通路。本文介绍了以秀丽隐杆线虫作为模式生物来研究酒精干预下的寿命调控机制、神经退行性疾病、酒精引发成瘾及Ⅱ型糖尿病等相关研究进展，展示了线虫作为模式生物在酒精生物功能研究领域发挥的独特优势，为了解酒精性疾病的发生、发展及其相关生理机制，预防酒精引起的相关疾病研究提供了新的方法与思路。

Alcohol is becoming ever more important in modern life, moderate alcohol consumption can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, long-term excessive drinking will damage organs, such as liver, stomach and, and even lead to neurological diseases. This phenomenon has become a concerned issue for people. As a special model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) has relatively simple and clear physiological structures (especially the neural structure), as well as a large number of homologous genes that are confirmed to be related to human disease. Therefore, C.elegans was used as a biological model to study the molecular targets of diseases and related neural pathways. This paper introduces the research progress of life regulation mechanism, neurodegenerative diseases, alcohol-induced addiction and type II diabetes under the condition of alcohol intervention by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, which shows that C. elegans, as a model organism, has unique advantages in the field of alcohol biological function. The research provides a new method and idea for the prevention and treatment of alcohol related diseases to understand the occurrence and development of alcoholic diseases and the related physiological mechanisms.