大豆在萌发过程中的铁锌营养强化

Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in Soybean during Germination

摘要:

研究在大豆萌发过程中添加食品营养强化剂对微量元素和营养物质的影响。分别用不同浓度的硫酸亚铁（FeSO4，0~56 μg Fe/mL）、硫酸锌(ZnSO4，0~100 μg Zn/mL)及其混合溶液（FeSO4+ZnSO4）进行浸种和强化处理，用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS）测量铁(Fe)、锌（Zn）、铜(Cu)、锰（Mn）四种微量元素的变化。结果表明，三种强化方式均能不同程度提高大豆萌发后的铁、锌含量，对铜元素的影响无显著性差异（p>0.05）。大豆在适当强化剂浓度下中铁含量最高可提升450.59%（FeSO4+ZnSO4，16.8~33.6 μg Fe/mL，30~60 μg Zn/mL）、203.74%（FeSO4，16.8~33.6 μg Fe/mL）。在铁强化大豆的过程中添加ZnSO4能够促进大豆对铁的富集能力，在锌强化大豆的过程中添加FeSO4能降低大豆对锌的富集能力。铁锌强化剂浓度为16.8~33.6 μg Fe/mL，30~60 μg Zn/mL时大豆铁蛋白有所提升。39.2 μg Fe/mL FeSO4和70 μg Zn/mL ZnSO4强化时大豆抗氧化活性最强。实验结果表明，铁锌强化能够提高大豆中铁含量，促进铁的吸收和铁蛋白的合成。

Abstract:

The effects of iron and zinc biofortification on mineral elements and nutrient substance in soybean sprouts during germination were investigated. Soybean seeds were soaked and cultured with different concentrations of ferric sulfate (0~56 μg Fe/mL) , zinc sulfate (0~100 μg Zn/mL), and mixture solution, respectively. Four mineral elements were measured by Flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). The results showed that all the methods could increase the content of iron and zinc after soybean germination, and there was no significant difference in the effect of copper content (p > 0.05).. The results of this study showed that iron content in sprouted soybean seeds increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the internal Fe concentrations increased by 450.59% (FeSO4+ZnSO4, 16.8~33.6 μg Fe/mL, 30~60 μg Zn/mL) and 203.74%(FeSO4, 16.8~33.6 μg Fe/mL), respectively. The addition of ZnSO4 during iron biofortification could promote the iron accumulation of soybean sprouts, while FeSO4 had a negative impact on zinc accumulation of soybean sprouts during zinc biofortification. Ferritin content increased during culturing in doses of 16.8~33.6 μg/mL of FeSO4 with 30~60 μg/mL of ZnSO4. The antioxidant activity of soybean was the strongest during culturing in doses of 39.2 ug Fe/mL FeSO4 and 70 ug Zn/mL ZnSO4. In conclusion, we demonstrated that iron and zinc fortification during the germination process had a positive effect on iron and ferritin accumulation of soybean sprouts.