植物抗菌肽的研究进展及其应用

Research Progress and Application of Plant Antimicrobial Peptides

摘要:

抗菌肽是生物体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，它们从广泛的生物体中分离得到，包括细菌、植物和动物。在过去的20年里，随着抗菌肽的不断被发现，抗菌肽的数量在快速的增长，它们的广谱抗菌活性也在被深入的研究。植物抗菌肽是从植物中分离得到的，与其他生命形式的抗菌肽存在许多不同点。常见的植物抗菌肽类型包括硫堇、植物防御素、橡胶蛋白、Knottins、脂转移蛋白和Snakins。由于病原微生物对抗生素的耐药性不断增强，因此迫切需要找到可以替代传统抗生素的药剂。植物抗菌肽具有广泛的生物活性，包括抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、杀虫和抗癌，所以它们有希望成为治疗由病原体引起动物和人类感染的药物的候选者。植物抗菌肽发挥生物活性的机制是我们研究的重要方向，有助于找到治疗疾病的新疗法。本文主要阐述了植物抗菌肽的分类、分布、功能和作用机制；微生物对植物抗菌肽的抵抗机制；植物抗菌肽的发展前景。

Abstract:

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important part of innate immune system of organisms, which are isolated from a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, plants and animals. In the past 20 years, the number of antimicrobial peptides has been increasing rapidly and their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity is also being studied in depth with the continuous discovery of antimicrobial peptides, Plant AMPs are isolated from plants, showing many differences with other life forms of AMPs. Common types of plant AMPs include thionins, plant defensins, Heveins, Knottins, lipid transfer proteinsand and Snakins. Because of the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, there is an urgent need to find alternatives of traditional antibiotic agents. Plant AMPs have the potential to be the drug candidates of animal and human’s infection caused by pathogens for their wide range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer and insecticidal.. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of plant AMPs is an important direction of our research, which is helpful to find a new therapy for disease. In this study, we provide an overview of all plant AMPs with their classification types, distribution, function, mechanism of microbial resistance to plant AMPs and development prospects.