水解牡蛎粉基本成分分析及其辅助降血糖功能的评价

Analysis of Nutritional Components and Hypoglycemic Activity of Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Hydrolysate

摘要:

以福建沿海葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata）为原料，采用复合酶解，超滤膜分离纯化，冷冻干燥制得水解牡蛎粉。用氨基酸分析仪对水解牡蛎粉的氨基酸组成进行分析。以链脲佐菌素造模糖尿病小鼠为研究对象，将实验动物分为7组：正常对照组、模型对照组、二甲双胍组（0.5 g/kg BW盐酸二甲双胍）、牡蛎匀浆组（2.0 g/kg BW牡蛎粉）、牡蛎水解物的低剂量组（0.5 g/kg BW水解牡蛎粉）、中剂量组（1.0 g/kg BW水解牡蛎粉）、高剂量组（2.0 g/kg BW水解牡蛎粉），造模后给药28 d，测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、糖耐量指标，综合探讨其降血糖机理。成分分析表明水解牡蛎粉高蛋白、低脂肪，必需氨基酸含量（EAA）占总氨基酸的42.34%，占非必需氨基酸（NEAA）的73.43%，符合世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国粮农组织（WHO）推荐的理想蛋白模式。动物实验表明，水解牡蛎粉不会影响正常小鼠的血糖水平，能改善糖尿病小鼠体重下降及多饮多食症状，低中高剂量水解牡蛎粉分别降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖水平21.09%、32.12%和37.05%（p<0.05），极显著降低血糖曲线下面积51.67、47.30和43.41（p<0.01）。结果表明该水解牡蛎粉对糖尿病小鼠表现出良好的降血糖效果。

Abstract:

Fresh Crassostrea angulata from Fujian was used as a raw material to produce oyster hydrolysate by enzymolysis using mixed enzymes, isolation and purification with an ultrafiltration membrane, and freeze-drying. Amino acid composition of the oyster hydrolysate was analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer. The hypoglycemic effects of the oyster hydrolysate were evaluated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice that were divided into seven groups: normal control group, model control group, metformin group (Met, at a daily dose of 0.5 g/kg BW), homogenate group (oyster homogenate, at a daily dose of 2.0 g/kg BW ), low-dose group (enzymolysis product, at a daily dose of 0.5 g/kg BW), medium-dose group (enzymolysis product, at a daily dose of 1.0 g/kg BW), and high-dose group (enzymolysis product, at a daily dose of 2.0 g/kg BW). After 28 d of intragastric administration, the body weight, fasting blood glucose level, and glucose tolerance of mice were measured, and the mechanism of hypoglycemic activity of the oyster hydrolysate was explored. Nutritional component analysis showed that the oyster hydrolysate had high protein content and low fat content. It also showed that essential amino acids accounted for 42.34%of the total amino acids and 73.43% of the nonessential amino acids; this is in agreement with the ideal protein model suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the oyster hydrolysate had no effect on the blood glucose level in normal mice, but improved symptoms such as body weight loss, heavy drinking, and binge eating in diabetic mice. Oyster hydrolysate administered at low, medium, and high doses significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice by 21.09%, 32.12%, and 37.05%, respectively (p<0.05), and the glucose area under the curve (AUC) value by 51.67, 47.30, and 43.41, respectively (p<0.01). The results indicate that the oyster hydrolysate exerts potent hypoglycemic activity in diabetic mice.