本文研究了红茶热水浸提物、茶多酚及茶多糖提取物对大鼠的减肥作用。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立大鼠肥胖模型，检测不同红茶提取物对肥胖大鼠体重、李氏指数、脂肪重量、相关生化指标、脂肪细胞形态数量以及粪便脂肪酸含量等指标的影响。结果表明：红茶各提取物能显著降低肥胖大鼠体重、李氏指数、脂肪重量、血清甘油三酯含量以及肝脏总胆固醇含量（分别平均下降20.93%、3.04%、37.08%、51.08%和41.84%），增加血清脂联素浓度及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（分别平均上升45.64%和46.74%），提高肝脏中SOD活力41.48%，抑制脂肪细胞膨大，升高粪便脂肪酸含量75.22%；红茶热水浸提物可显著降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量50.00%。因此红茶提取物具有减肥作用，减轻体重和内脏脂肪重量，改善脂联素、血脂及抗氧化水平，减少脂肪细胞积累，促进脂肪酸随粪便排出，这一研究发现对人类预防和控制肥胖具有重要意义。

The weight-loss effects of hot water extract of black tea, black tea polyphenols, and black tea polysaccharides were investigated using obese rats. The rat model of obesity was established by high-fat diet feeding, and the effects of different black tea extracts on the body weight of obese rats, Lee’s index, visceral adipose tissue mass, related biochemical parameters, morphology and quantity of fat cells, concentration of fecal fatty acid, and other indicators were determined. The results indicated that all black tea extracts could significantly decrease body weight, Lee’s index, visceral adipose tissue mass, and the content of serum triglycerides (TGs) and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) of obese rats (by an average of 20.93%, 3.04%, 37.08%, 51.08%, and 41.84%, respectively), increase the content of serum adiponectin (ADPN) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (by an average of 45.64% and 46.74%, respectively), enhance the liver total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity by 41.48%, inhibit fat cell enlargement, and elevate the content of fecal fatty acids by 75.22%. The hot water extract of black tea could effectively decrease the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) level by 50.00%. Therefore, black tea extracts had weight-loss effects and could reduce body weight and visceral adipose tissue mass, enhance serum ADPN content, improve serum lipid profile, increase antioxidant levels, reduce fat cell accumulation, and promote fecal fatty acid discharge. This study has important implications for the prevention and control of human obesity.

天津市自然科学基金项目（15JCQNJC46300）；国家自然科学基金项目（31501475）