本试验研究了马尾松松针提取物对柑橘青霉病菌意大利青霉的抑制作用及其活性成分。采用孢子萌发的方法测定了马尾松不同溶剂提取物对意大利青霉抑制作用，结果表明马尾松松针提取物的抑菌活性因提取溶剂的极性而异，其强弱顺序依次是乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>二氯甲烷提取物>水提取物>石油醚提取物；选取乙酸乙酯提取物进行气质联用分析，发现样品中主要包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、β-石竹烯、莰烯、β-荜澄茄油烯等20种化学成分。其中含量最多的α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯抑制柑橘青霉菌的活性最强，是马尾松松针抑制柑橘青霉病菌的主要活性成分；其次为月桂烯; 莰烯、罗勒烯、3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯对柑橘青霉病菌的孢子抑制作用最弱。因此，α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯作为安全、高效的熏蒸型柑橘采后抑菌剂具有进一步研究与开发的意义。

Antifungal activity of the active components of extracts from the pine needles of Pinus massoniana against citrus blue mold (Penicillium italicum) were studied by using spore germination based assay. The results demonstrated that extraction solvents with different polarities caused differences in the antifungal activities of the extracts from pine needles of Pinus massoniana, and the extent of the antifungal activity of these extracts were in the following order: ethyl acetate extract, ethanol extract, dichloride methane extract, water extract, and petroleum ether extract. Twenty major chemical components were identified in the ethyl acetate extract by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), including α-pinene (28.73%), β-pinene (24.72%), β-myrcene (1.44%), β-caryophyllene (8.06%), camphene (1.63%), and β-cubebene (4.79%). The most prevalent components, α-pinene and β-pinene, exhibited the strongest antifungal activities against Penicillium italicum and were the main active components in Pinus massoniana against Penicillium italicum, followed by β-myrcene. Camphene, 3-carene, ocimene, and β- caryophyllene exhibited the weakest inhibitory effects on the spores of Penicillium italicum. Therefore, α-pinene and β-pinene are of significance for further study and development as safe and effective fumigants for the storage of citrus fruits after harvest.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（314633712）