生长期喷施有机钙对蓝莓鲜果的保鲜作用研究

Study on the Effect of Organic Calcium Spray on the Preservation of Blueberry Fruit during the Growth Period

摘要:

本研究通过对“园蓝”和“粉蓝”两个品种蓝莓果实在生长期喷施有机钙，从而达到提高保鲜效果。研究结果表明，生长期内喷施有机钙可有效提高蓝莓果实中钙离子含量，从而抑制了两个品种蓝莓果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、丙二醛含量和可溶性果胶含量的升高，降低PPO、POD和PG酶活性，从而延缓了果实的衰老，降低果实软果率和腐烂率（80 d时，“粉蓝（喷钙）”的软果率较“粉蓝（对照）”低7.41%，腐烂率低5.62%；“园蓝（喷钙）”的软果率较“园蓝（对照）”低11.62%，腐烂率低9.57%）；在果实品质方面，喷钙处理果实的可溶性固形物、总酸、总酚、花色苷含量、失重率、可溶性果胶含量的变化均在不同程度受到抑制。除此之外，喷钙处理果实表皮色泽和风味指数也较对照组有效保持。总之，生长期喷钙可有效提高“园蓝”、“粉蓝”两个品种蓝莓果实的保鲜效果。

Abstract:

Organic calcium spray was applied to blueberry fruits of two cultivars, ‘Gardenblue’ and ‘Powderblue’, during the growth period to improve the preservation effect. The results showed that the calcium content of blueberry fruits was effectively increased with the organic calcium spray. The increases through the growth period in respiratory rate, ethylene production rate, malondialdehyde content, and soluble pectin content in the blueberry fruits of two cultivars were inhibited, while the activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and polygalacturonase (PG) were decreased. As a result, fruit senescence was delayed, and the rates of rotting and soft fruit were decreased. Compared with the controls, the rates of rotting and soft fruit of ‘Powderblue’ after treatment with the organic calcium spray were decreased by 7.41% and 5.62%, respectively, and those of ‘Gardenblue’ after treatment with organic calcium spray were decreased by 11.62% and 9.57%, respectively. With regard to fruit quality, the changes in the soluble solid content, total acids, soluble pectin content, total phenols, anthocyanin content, and weight loss rate of the treated fruits were inhibited to varying degrees. Apart from this, the peel color and flavor index of the fruits treated with organic calcium spray were also effectively maintained. In summary, application of the organic calcium spray during the growth period can improve the preservation of blueberry fruits of the two cultivars ‘Gardenblue’ and ‘Powderblue’.