不同品种大豆中的生物活性成分及其抗氧化活性的比较分析

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Different Varieties of Soybean Cultivars

摘要:

本文以华南地区广泛种植的十种大豆作为研究对象，大豆制粉后测定了其总酚、总黄酮、异黄酮含量及抗氧化活性（DPPH、FRAP、ORAC），并对生物活性成分含量与抗氧化活性之间进行相关性分析。研究结果表明大豆基因型显著影响其生物活性物质含量及抗氧化活性：品种间的总酚含量为3.18~4.47 mg GAE/g，其中品种HC5与HC6具有最高和最低含量；总黄酮含量为0.27~0.39 mg CE/g，其中HC3与HC2具有最高和最低含量；总异黄酮含量为720.24~1285.47 μg/g，其中HX3和HC6具有最高和最低含量；对于DPPH和FRAP值，HX1和GXD2分别具有最高和最低值，而品种HX5与HX9的ORAC值分别最高与最低。DPPH、FRAP与TPC、TFC之间存在正相关性，而ORAC与异黄酮含量之间显著负相关。综合比较发现HC5、HX1、HX9等具有较丰富的生物活性物质，而HX1、HX5等的抗氧化活性相对较好，是生产优质大豆食品的原料。

Abstract:

The characteristics of ten soybean cultivars that are widely grown in South China were examined. Soy flours were prepared, and the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), isoflavone content, and antioxidant activity (based on 2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging capacity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and oxygen radical absorbance capacity [ORAC]) were measured. The correlations between bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity were significantly influenced by soybean genotype. The TPCs of soybean cultivars ranged from 3.18 to 4.47 mg GAE/g, and the highest and lowest contents were detected in cultivars HC5 and HC6, respectively. The TFCs ranged from 0.27 to 0.39 mg CE/g, and the highest and lowest contents were detected in cultivars HC3 and HC2, respectively. The isoflavone contents ranged from 720.24 to 1,285.47 μg/g, and the highest and lowest contents were detected in cultivars HX3 and HC6. Cultivars HX1 and GXD2 exhibited the highest DPPH and lowest FRAP values, respectively, while the highest and lowest ORAC values were observed in cultivars HX5 and HX9, respectively. DPPH and FRAP were positively correlated with TPC and TFC, respectively, while ORAC was negatively correlated with isoflavone content. Based on this comprehensive evaluation, HC5, HX1, and HX9 were much richer in bioactive compounds than the other cultivars, while HX1 and HX5 had higher antioxidant activity and can be used as raw materials for the production of high-quality soy-based foods.