乳酸链球菌素复配抑菌剂对小麦储藏过程中微生物多样性和品质的影响

Influence of Nisin Compound Antimicrobial Agent on Microbial Diversity and Quality of Stored Wheat

摘要:

用山梨酸钾、仲丁胺与乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）组成复配抑菌剂处理小麦，经30 ℃、相对湿度75%条件下储藏35 d，研究复配抑菌剂对小麦储藏中微生物类群、小麦品质的影响及其相关性。结果表明：与对照相比，Nisin、Nisin和山梨酸钾复配物、Nisin和仲丁胺复配物、山梨酸钾和仲丁胺复配物、Nisin山梨酸钾和仲丁胺三者复配物对小麦中真菌总数分别抑制了3.62、64.34、8.61、37.03、50.02倍，Nisin、山梨酸钾和仲丁胺三者复配物对小麦中真菌菌数、曲霉菌数、青霉菌数、芽孢杆菌菌数、细菌菌数分别抑制了50.02、55.44、2.89、75.14、86.66倍，微生物复配抑菌剂的最佳组合为每千克小麦0.20 g Nisin、1.00 g山梨酸钾和2.00 g仲丁胺。相关性分析表明：小麦的真菌总数、曲霉数、青霉数、芽孢杆菌数、细菌数均与脂肪酸值和总酸值呈明显正相关，与小麦沉淀值呈明显负相关。

Abstract:

Wheat grain was treated with an antimicrobial agent prepared from various combinations of potassium sorbate, 2-aminobutane, and nisin, and then stored at 30 ℃ and 75% relative humidity for 35 days. The effect of the antimicrobial agent on the microbial diversity in the stored wheat and its correlation with the subsequent quality of wheat was studied. The result showed that fungistatic activity of nisin, nisin in combination with potassium sorbate, nisin in combination with 2-aminobutane, potassium sorbate in combination with 2-aminobutane, and nisin in combination with potassium sorbate and 2-aminobutane was 3.62, 64.34, 8.61, 37.03, and 50.02 times higher than that of the control, respectively. Moreover, the values for inhibitory activity of nisin in combination with potassium sorbate and 2-aminobutane on the microbial count of fungi, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Bacillus sp., and other bacteria were 50.02, 55.44, 2.89, 75.14, and 86.66 times higher than that of the control. The optimal ratio of the combination was 0.20 g Nisin, 1.00 g potassium sorbate, and 2.00 g 2-aminobutane per kilogram of wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the microbial count of fungi, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Bacillus sp., and other bacteria were positively correlated with the amount of fatty acids and the total acids, and negatively correlated with the precipitation value.