小口大枣营养成分分析与评价

Composition Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Xiaokou

摘要:

对国家地理标志品牌靖远县小口大枣主体成分、活性成分及香气组分进行了测定。结果表明，主体成分中以总糖含量最高，高达64.69%；矿质元素中以K离子含量最高，含量为13170 mg/kg；并且富含各种维生素、黄酮等活性成分，其中水溶性总黄酮、醇溶性黄酮、环腺苷酸（cAMP）和总三萜含量分别为8.1 mg/100 g、452.8 mg/100 g、13.88 mg/100 g和425 mg/100 g；氨基酸总量4.95%，EAA/TAA为33.89%，EAA/NEAA为51.28%，必需氨基酸种类齐全比例均衡，第一限制氨基酸为赖氨酸。香气成分共22种，包括醇类3种，醛类2种，酮类2种，酸类8种和酯类7种。与油枣、木枣和团枣香气物质比较，小口大枣中含有丁酸乙酯、癸酸甲酯和己酸乙酯3种酯类物质，相对含量分别为0.86%、1.04%和0.46%；由此表明小口大枣营养成分含量丰富，具有很好的开发和利用价值。

Abstract:

In this study, the main composition, including the active and aroma-contributing components of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Xiaokou, a product of the National Geographical Logo brand, was evaluated. The results showed that the total sugar content was 64.69%; the potassium content (13170 mg/kg) was the highest among all mineral elements. In addition, the jujube is a rich source of active components, including various vitamins and flavonoids, among which the concentrations of water-soluble flavonoids, alcohol-soluble flavonoids, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and total triterpenes were 8.1, 452.8, 13.88, and 425 mg/100g, respectively. The composition of total amino acids (TAA) was 4.95%, and the ratio of essential amino acids (EAA)/TAA and EAA/nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was 33.89% and 51.28%, respectively. All EAAs were found in a balanced proportion, and the first limiting amino acid was lysine. Additionally, 22 aroma-contributing compounds were identified, including three alcohols, two aldehydes, two ketones, eight acids, and seven esters. Compared with You jujube, Mu jujube, and Tuan jujube, Zizyphus jujube Mill. cv. Xiaokou contained ethyl butyrate, methyl decanoate, and ethyl caproate at concentrations of 0.86%, 1.04%, and 0.46%, respectively. The results indicate that Zizyphus jujube Mill. cv. Xiaokou has high nutritional value.