高压和酶解辅助制备超微骨粉的工艺研究

High Static Pressure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis-assisted Preparation of Super-fine Bone Powder

摘要:

为了提高畜禽骨的粉碎率，以促进畜禽骨的回收利用效率，本文以猪骨为原料，比较了高压处理和酶解次序对猪骨粉碎率的影响，并对猪骨高压处理后的酶解工艺采用响应面法优化和对所得骨粉的钙、磷营养物质含量进行了测定。结果发现，猪骨经高压处理后再酶解所得粉碎率较高压处理前酶解所得粉碎率高；响应面法优化猪骨高压处理后的酶解工艺，得出酶解温度为55 ℃、酶解时间为2.01 h、pH为7.00、加酶量为10363 U/g时所得猪骨的粉碎率最高（82.0%），比未优化前提高了9.45%；对粉碎前后猪骨中钙磷营养物质含量分析，得出高压和酶解辅助机械粉碎对猪骨中钙磷损失小。总之，高压处理后酶解辅助机械破碎法有效提高了猪骨的粉碎率，所得骨粉的钙磷营养物质与原始猪骨中的钙磷含量相似。

Abstract:

To optimize the milling ratio, promote recycling and utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry bones, the effect of high static pressure treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on milling ratio of porcine bones was evaluated in this study. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized using response surface technology. The calcium and phosphorus content of milled bone powder was measured. The results showed that the milling ratio was higher when the bones were enzymatically hydrolyzed after high static pressure treatment than prior to treatment. Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis process using response surface technology showed that the milling ratio reached a maximum of 82.0% with enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 ℃ for 2.01 h, at pH 7.0 and with enzyme addition of 10,363 U/g. The corresponding milling ratio increased by 9.45% as compared with the non-optimized treatment. Analysis of calcium and phosphorus content in raw bones and milled bone powder indicated that the content of calcium and phosphorus was reduced to a lesser extent by high static pressure and enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted milling. These results suggested that the milling ratio of porcine bone was effectively increased by high static pressure and enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted milling, where the calcium and phosphorus content of milled bone powder were similar to that in raw bone.