松茸多糖的结构分析及抗增殖活性研究

Identification and Antiproliferative Activity of Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (mushroom)

摘要:

松茸，被誉为“菌中之王”。多糖作为其重要的活性成分之一，被报道具有抗癌、抗辐射、提高免疫等功效。本研究采用琼脂糖凝胶柱DEAE Sepharosse fast flow、葡聚糖凝胶柱Sephadex G-75对松茸多糖进行分离纯化，得到四个组分，分别为TM-P1A、TM-P1B、TM-P2A和TM-P2B。再通过GC-MS、HP-GPC以及核磁共振波谱对其结构进行分析。结果表明TM-P1A和TM-P2B主要由葡萄糖和半乳糖组成，并含有少量甘露糖，其摩尔比分别为8.7:1.8:1.0和8.9:1.3:1.0。TM-P2A由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和岩藻糖组成，摩尔比为17.7:7.9:3.9:1.0。TM-P2B主要由β-1,6-吡喃型葡萄糖构成，无支链，有少量β-1,6-吡喃型半乳糖和β-1,6-吡喃型甘露糖。几个组分中TM-P2B抗氧化能力及抗肿瘤能力最强。其氧化自由基吸收能力（ORAC值）为2475.33±15.32 μmol Trolox/g。在多糖浓度为1 mg/mL时对人肝癌细胞HepG2的抑制率达到90.23±2.17%，是TM-P2A的1.2倍，TM-P1A的3.1倍。本研究对于松茸的深度开发利用及相关产品的开发具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Tricholoma matsutake,also known as “the king of mushrooms,” contains polysaccharides that had been reported to have anti-cancer, anti-radiation, and immune-enhancing effects. In this study, polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (TM-P) were isolated and purified using a diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sepharose fast-flow column and a Sephadex G-75 column, which resulted in four purified fractions: TM-P1A, TM-P1B, TM-P2A, and TM-P2B. Structural characterization of these polysaccharide fractions was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HP-GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The results showed that the main components of TM-P1A and TM-P2B were glucose and galactose with a small amount of mannose in molar ratios of 8.7:1.8:1.0 and 8.9:1.3:1.0, respectively. TM-P2A was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose, with a molar ratio of 17.7:7.9:3.9:1.0. The main component of TM-P2B was β-1,6-glucopyranose (unbranched) with a small amount of β-1,6-galactopyranose and β-1,6-mannopyranose. Among all fractions, TM-P2B showed the strongest antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of TM-P2B was 2475.33±15.32μmolTrolox/g. At a concentration of 1.0mg/mL, TM-P2B showed 90.23% ± 2.17% inhibition of HepG2 human hepatoma cells, which was 1.2 and 3.1 times that observed with TM-P2A and TM-P1A, respectively. This study provides important information for further application and development of Tricholoma matsutakeand related products.