红枣不同部位中有效成分含量的比较研究

The Content Variation of Phytochemicals in Different Parts of Chinese Jujube from Different Cultivars

摘要:

为了研究红枣不同组分的营养成分分布情况，以山东大枣（骏枣）、和田玉枣（骏枣）和若羌灰枣（灰枣）为试验样品，采用比色法、高效液相色谱（HPLC）法等，对枣果不同部位（枣肉、枣皮和枣核）中的多糖、总黄酮、总酚、三萜和环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量进行分析测定。结果表明枣皮中的总酚和总黄酮含量分别为0.77~1.20%和0.29~0.43%，显著高于枣肉和枣核（p<0.01）；三萜类物质主要分布在枣皮和枣肉中，约0.36~0.40 mg/g，枣核中含量最少；多糖在枣肉中含量最高（4.72~6.13%），枣核中含量最低（0.67~1.30 %）；cAMP在枣皮及枣肉中含量最高，在不同品种间分布差异显著，其中和田玉枣的皮和肉中cAMP 含量（0.27 mg/g、0.34 mg/g）显著高于其他两个品种（p<0.05）；常规非可食用部位（枣皮和枣核）占枣果总质量的20~30%。因此红枣的非可食部分的营养成分含量较高，有较好的开发前景和深加工利用价值。

Abstract:

Phytochemicals, such as polysaccharide, flavonoid, total phenol, triterpene and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), were studied in different parts (pulps, peels and seeds) of three Chinese jujube cultivars: Shandongdazao, Hetianyuzao and Ruoqianghuizao. The results showed that the inedible parts (peels and seeds) contained 20~30% total weight of Chinese jujube. The peel of all cultivars had the highest total flavonoids (0.29~0.43%) and total phenol (0.77~1.20%). Peels and pulps also contained the highest triterpene in jujube cultivars (0.36~0.40 mg/g), significantly higher than that in seeds. The pulp had the highest polysaccharide of 4.72~6.13%. cAMP was mainly distributed in pulps and peels, ranging from 7.22 to 33.56 mg/g, and it had significant difference between different varieties. In addition, cAMP content in the peels and pulps of Hetianyuzao (0.27-0.34 mg/g) was much higher than those in the other two cultivars. Therefore, phytochemicals in the inedible parts of Chinese jujube are proved to have applicable values and potential on deep processing.