填料塔和板塔在油茶籽油脱臭过程中的对比研究

Comparative Study of Packed Column and Plate Column in Camellia Oils Deordorization Process

摘要:

本文简要介绍了填料塔和板塔，并对两种塔在油脂脱臭过程中工艺条件进行了研究、对比。通过两种塔脱臭蒸汽用量、进油流量、脱臭温度的单因素实验，并经过三个因素的正交实验，对主要质量指标实验数据进行了对比分析。单因素实验表明：填料塔蒸馏能力大于板塔，能有效地降低油脂的酸价，也使得VE和不皂化物的损失更大，油脂的氧化稳定性更差；填料塔较板塔更容易产生反式酸，其脱色能力低于板塔；脱除过氧化物的能力相当。正交实验表明：填料塔较板塔更容易产生反式酸，最高相差可达0.193%；VE和不皂化物的损失较板塔高，二者差值最多可达0.039%和0.051%；填料塔油脂氧化稳定性较板塔低，AOM值差值最高可达0.22h；填料塔蒸馏能力高于板塔，脱色能力稍低于板塔，脱除过氧化物能力接近。

Abstract:

The packed column and the plate column were introduced and their process in camellia oil deordorization were investigated. With the studies of deordorization steam flow, feed rate, feed temperature, and through the orthogonal experiment of three factors, the main quality indexes of the experimental data were compared. The results indicated that the distillation capacity of packed column was greater than the plate one, which effectively reduced the fat acid value, but produed more trans fatty acids. Packed column lost more VE and unsaponifiable matter, with the difference of 0.039% and 0.051%, respectively. The packed column made the oxidative stability worse, and the difference of AOM value was up to 0.22 h. The decolorization ability of packed column was lower than the plate column, but the ability of removing peroxide was equivalent to plate one.