酸性硫酸钙对红地球葡萄采后灰霉病的抑制

Inhibition of Acid Calcium Sulfate on Postharvest Red Globe Grapes of Botryis cinerea

摘要:

灰霉病是引起葡萄采后贮藏运输过程中的主要病害之一，为了探究酸性硫酸钙（ACS）对鲜食葡萄采后灰霉病的抑制及品质的影响。以红地球葡萄为试材，采用ACS（pH=5.45）喷洒处理20 s，在8±2 ℃条件下贮藏，分析ACS处理对果实灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea，B. cinerea）病斑面积、发病率和菌落直径的抑制效果；测定果实硬度、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和电导率的变化，研究ACS处理对葡萄采后灰霉病抑制作用和品质参数的影响。结果表明，ACS处理能够显著抑制B. cinerea的生长，在贮藏期15 d时，病斑面积、发病率和菌落直径显著低于对照处理（p<0.05），分别降低了67.02%、56.55%、98.16%，抑菌率达到96.06%。ACS处理能显著降低损伤接种灰霉病的病斑面积和发病率，在体外培养时对灰霉病发生也有显著的抑制作用。ACS处理能降低葡萄果实失重率，保持果实硬度，抑制果实可溶性固形物含量的下降，维持葡萄采后品质。ACS作为FDA和USDA认证的一种新型高效杀菌防腐剂，为鲜食葡萄采后保鲜技术的研究提供了新的方法。

Abstract:

Botrytis cinerea is one of the main diseases that cause postharvest storage and transportation of grapes. In order to investigate the effects of acid calcium sulfate (ACS) on the suppression and quality of fresh grapes after harvest, Red Globe grape was used as the test material, sprayed with ACS (pH=5.45) for 20 s, and stored at (8±2) ℃. The ACS treatment was used to analyze the diseased area and incidence of Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). The inhibition rate, colony diameter, the changes of fruit hardness, weight loss rate, soluble solids, titratable acid, and electrical conductivity were measured, and the effect of ACS treatment on the inhibition of botrytis cinerea and quality parameters was studied. The results showed that ACS treatment could significantly inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. At 15 days during the storage, the lesion area, morbidity and colony diameter were significantly lower than those of the control treatment (p<0.05), which were decreased by 67.02%, 56.55% and 98.16%,respectively, and the bacteriostatic rate reached 96.06%. ACS treatment can significantly reduce the lesion area and morbidity of botrytis cinerea, and also has a significant inhibitory effect on the occurrence of B. cinerea when cultured in vitro. ACS treatment can reduce the weight loss rate of grape fruits, maintain the fruit hardness, inhibit the decrease of soluble solids content, and maintain the quality of grapes after harvest. ACS, as a new type of high-efficiency bactericidal preservative approved by FDA and USDA, provides a new method for the research of table grape technology.