远红外处理延缓松花粉脂质的氧化作用

Lipid Oxidation Deferring of Pine Pollen by Far-infrared Heating

摘要:

以松花粉为原材料，研究远红外加热对其杀菌效果、灭酶效果、脂质氧化性能和营养品质的影响，并分析了灭菌破壁松花粉在加速氧化过程中色泽、过氧化值和挥发性成分的变化。结果表明，远红外加热可显著降低松花粉中微生物含量，且加热温度越高，作用时间越长，灭菌效果越显著。松花粉在100 ℃加热15 min或110 ℃加热10 min即可达到灭菌要求，此时，脂肪酶灭活率、类胡萝卜素损失率、游离脂肪酸含量和过氧化值分别为55.21%、40.67%、1.95 mg/kg、0.46 meq/kg或61.65%、39.83%、2.27 mg/kg、0.45 meq/kg；此外，在此作用条件下，松花粉的基本组成成分和氨基酸含量未发生明显损失。在加速氧化过程中，远红外灭菌破壁松花粉（FI-100-15和FI-110-10）的色泽未发生明显变化，过氧化值、己醛和己酸含量略有增加，但变化趋势较小。表明在100 ℃加热15 min或110 ℃加热10 min的作用条件下，远红外灭菌不仅可有效杀灭松花粉中的微生物，还可延缓脂质氧化速度，提高其储藏稳定性，是一种潜在的松花粉灭菌方式。

Abstract:

The effects of far-infrared heating on bactericidal effect, enzyme-inhibiting effect, lipid oxidation and nutritional quality of pine pollen were investigated. The changes of color, peroxide value and volatilization of sterilization wall-breaking pine pollen during accelerated oxidation were also analyzed. The results showed that far-infrared heating significantly reduced the microbial content in the pine pollen, and the higher the heating temperature, the longer the action time, the more significant the sterilization effect. The sterilization requirements of pine pollen was achieved by heating at 100 ℃ for 15 min or 110 ℃ for 10 min. Under these conditions, the inactivation rate of lipase, the loss rate of carotenoids, free fatty acid content and peroxide value were 55.21%, 40.67%, 1.95 mg/kg, 0.46 meq/kg or 61.65%, 39.83%, 2.27 mg/kg, 0.45 meq/kg, respectively. In addition, no significant losses of essential nutrients and amino acids of pine pollen were observed. In the process of accelerated oxidation, the color of far-infrared sterilization wall-breaking pine pollen (FI-100-15 and FI-110-10) changed insignificantly, while the peroxide value, hexanal and hexanoic acid contents increased slightly. It indicated that far-infrared treatment at 100 ℃ for 15 min or 110 ℃ for 10 min could effectively inhibit microorganisms in pine pollen, delay the lipid oxidation rate and improve its storage stability, it can be regarded as a potential sterilization method of pine pollen.