水嘴的铅析出量分析及风险评估

Analysis of Lead Extraction in Faucets and its Risk Assessment

摘要:

本文对水嘴的铅质量分数和铅析出量进行了分析，并对水嘴浸泡液铅暴露量进行了风险评估。采用固定式金属分析光谱仪对水嘴中铜件的铅质量分数进行了检测，39批次抽检的水嘴中铅质量分数在1.19~6.24%之间。采用HJ/T411-2007标准中规定的方法对水嘴的铅析出量进行分析，28批次抽检的铸造铜件水嘴中有13批次铅析出量不合格，不合格率占46.43%，并且不合格水嘴的铅质量分数基本在3.00%以上；11批次抽检的加工铜件水嘴的铅析出量全部合格。从分析结果看，铸造铜件水嘴中铅质量分数和水嘴内腔容量对水嘴的铅析出量影响较大。采用粗略的点评估方法对水嘴浸泡液铅的摄入暴露量进行风险评估表明，人群每日饮用水嘴浸泡液铅摄入暴露量处于安全范围。

Abstract:

In this paper, lead content and lead extraction in faucets were analyzed and exposure of lead in soaking water of faucets was calculated. Lead contents of 39 sampling inspection faucets were tested by SpectroMaxx direct-reading spectrometer with the results of 1.19~6.24%. Lead extraction in faucets was analyzed by the method of HJ/T 411-2007.The results indicated that 13 faucets were unqualified of lead extraction in 28 sampling inspection faucets of cast copper. Sampling unqualified rate was 46.43% and lead content of the unqualified faucets was over 3.00%. It was found that lead pollution of copper and volume of faucets had a great influence on lead extraction of cast faucets. The daily exposure of lead in faucets was calculated using the Crude Point Estimate method and the results showed that the daily lead exposure of the intake in soaking water of faucets was within the reference dose.