Lifespan and Fertility of Male Drosophila melanogaster Decreased by A High-sucrose Diet and the Related Mechanisms
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Abstract:
The effects of a high-sucrose diet on the lifespan and fertility of male Drosophila melanogaster were studied. The lifespan, exercise ability, and hatch rate of D. melanogaster were measured after fly model establishment. Additionally, T-SOD and CAT activities and MDA content in D. melanogaster were measured by enzyme activity assay. DAPI staining, Raman spectroscopy, and Raman imaging were used to observe changes in the cell structure and biochemical components. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of these changes at the gene level. The results showed that, compared with those in the control group, the life span of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group was significantly shortened; the median lifespan decreased from 34 days to 29 days (p<0.01). Similarly, the exercise ability of this experimental group decreased significantly, to approximately 46.32% of that of the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, T-SOD and CAT activities of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group significantly decreased to 83.47% (p<0.01) and 79.47% (p<0.01), respectively, compared to those in the control group. However, MDA content of the high-sucrose diet group increased significantly to 1.51 times that of the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the embryo hatch rate of male flies significantly decreased, from 88.08% in the control group to 70.77% (p<0.01) in the experimental group. DAPI staining showed abnormal enlargement of the testis and no sperm bundles in the seminal vesicles of the experimental group. Raman spectroscopy revealed that nucleic acid and protein components in the testis tissue of male flies in the high-sucrose diet group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group; additionally, Raman imaging indicated irregular distributions. Transcriptome sequencing suggested that differentially expressed genes were enriched in aspects of stress response, development, and reproduction in the experimental group. Therefore, this study indicates that a high-sucrose diet reduces the longevity, exercise ability, and fertility of male flies and causes damage by aggravating oxidative stress responses.
