为探究不同月份香椿不同部位叶片提取物中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的分布规律和降血糖效果，2020年8-11月，从3棵香椿树中采集36个样本，50%乙醇提取α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。分析香椿叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性、酶抑制动力学和荧光光谱特征。进而将不同浓度香椿叶提取物与3%葡萄糖共暴露斑马鱼，研究在斑马鱼体内的降血糖效果。结果表明：香椿叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的时间分布规律为8月、11月抑制率较高，可达99%，空间分布规律为从上层到下层抑制率依次递减，α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性在时间和空间呈现显著性差异。香椿叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的IC50为0.45 mg/mL，远低于阳性对照阿卡波糖5.05 mg/mL。香椿叶提取物的酶抑制类型为竞争性抑制，香椿叶提取物与酶的相互作用模式属于动态荧光猝灭。当香椿叶提取物暴露浓度为4 mg/L时，斑马鱼体内血糖浓度与高糖组有显著性差异。本研究为从香椿叶中大量提取α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的采样方法设计及开发一种新型降血糖药物提供理论支持。

In order to explore the distribution rules and hypoglycemic effect of inhibitors against α-glucosidase from different part Toona sinensis extract in different months. From August to November 2020, 36 samples were collected from three Toona sinensis trees respectively, and 50% ethanol was used to extract the inhibitor against α-glucosidase. The inhibitory activity, enzyme inhibition kinetics and fluorescence spectra between Toona sinensis extract and α-glucosidase were analyzed. Then, the different concentrations of Toona sinensis leaf extract in 3% glucose were exposed to zebrafish to study its hypoglycemic effect. The results showed that the temporal accumulation rule of inhibitor against α-glucosidase in Toona sinensis leaves was that the inhibitory rate was relatively higher in August and November,up to 99%, and the spatial accumulation rule was that the inhibitory rate decreased from the upper layer to the lower layer. The inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase showed significant differences in time and space. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Toona sinensis leaf extract against α-glucosidase was 0.45 mg/ml, which was much lower than acarbose 5.05 mg/mL. The enzyme inhibitory type of Toona sinensis leaf extract is competitive inhibition, and the interaction mode between Toona sinensis extract and enzyme belongs to dynamic fluorescence quenching. When the exposure concentration of Toona sinensis extract was 4 mg/L, the concentration of blood glucose in zebrafish was significantly different from that in high glucose group. This study provided a theoretical support for the designation of sampling method of isolating inhibitor against α-glucosidase from Toona sinensis leaves and the development of a new hypoglycemic drug.

国家级大学生创新创业项目202110513002, 湖北省技术创新专项（重大项目）2019ABA112