[关键词]
[摘要]
蒌叶鲜叶具有独特的辛香味,在我国南方地区常用作嚼槟榔青果的植物配料。为了探究蒌叶鲜叶的挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-串联质谱仪对不同方法(水蒸气蒸馏法、固相微萃取法、超声辅助正己烷法和超声辅助二氯甲烷法)提取的挥发性成分进行分析。结果显示,4种方法提取和鉴定出的挥发性成分共92种,相对含量较高为酚类、烯类、酯类和醇类,主要成分为蒌叶酚、乙酸丁香酚酯、香叶烯D、4-烯丙基邻苯二酚二乙酸酯、β-石竹烯、γ-衣兰油烯等;水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发性成分最多,共鉴定60种;固相微萃取法、超声辅助二氯甲烷和超声辅助正己烷法提取鉴定的挥发性成分分别为53种、42种和25种;4种提取方法共有组分17种,而固相微萃取法特有成分20种,水蒸气蒸馏法获得特有成分18种。不同提取方法获得挥发性成分的种类和含量差异较大,以挥发性活性成分为目的的提取方法,水蒸气蒸馏提取法较为合适,固相微萃取法结合水蒸气蒸馏法提取蒌叶鲜叶,能够获得更加全面的挥发性成分,可为蒌叶香气物质基础的开发与利用提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
The fresh leaves of Piper betle have a unique spicy flavor and are usually used as a plant ingredient for chewing betel nut in southern China. In order to comprehensively analyze the volatile constituents of P. betle fresh leaf, the extracts from steam distillation extraction, headspace solid-phase microextraction, ultrasonic assisted n-hexane and dichloromethane extraction were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. The results showed that 92 volatile constituents of P. betle leaves were identified and the relatively high content of compound types were phenols, alkenes, esters and alcohols, respectively, the main compounds including chavibetol, eugenol acetate, germacrene D, 4-Allylpyrocatechol diacetate, β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, etc. The volatile constituents extracted by steam distillation were the most, and a total of 60 compounds were identified. Flowed by solid-phase microextraction, ultrasonic assisted n-hexane and dichloromethane extraction methods, corresponding to 53, 42, and 25 compounds, respectively. There are 17 common constituents in the four extraction methods, while 20 unique volatile constituents were obtained using headspace solid-phase microextraction, and 18 unique constituents were found by steam distillation extraction. The types and contents of volatile constituents obtained by the four extraction methods were quite different. The steam distillation is suitable for the extraction of volatile active components. Solid-phase microextraction combined with steam distillation can obtain more comprehensive volatile constituents. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of the volatiles constituents of P. betle leaves.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)