以青稞酒糟为研究对象,采用超临界CO2萃取法提取青稞酒糟活性成分,利用单因素和响应面试验确定最佳的提取条件,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法 (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS) 对酒糟活性成分中脂肪酸和甾醇的组成及含量进行分析。结果表明,青稞酒糟活性成分的最佳提取条件为：装料系数0.6,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间120min,活性成分的提取率达5.45%。从酒糟活性成分中共分离鉴定出18种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸、棕榈酸和油酸,不饱和脂肪酸 (Unsaturated Fatty Acid, USFA) 含量为67.09%,单不饱和脂肪酸 (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid, MUFA) 含量为19.66%,多不饱和脂肪酸 (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, PUFA) 含量高达47.43%。此外,从活性成分中共分离鉴定出9种甾醇,β-谷甾醇的相对含量最高,为52.78%,其次是樟脑酚即菜油甾醇 (12.80%) 和豆甾醇 (5.10%)。该研究可为青稞酒糟的深度开发和高值化利用提供理论依据。

The active components of highland barley spent grains were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction. Single factor and response surface test were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to extract the active components of highland barley spent grains. The composition and content of fatty acid and sterol in distiller"s grains were determined by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were loading coefficient 0.6, extraction pressure 30 MPa, extraction temperature 40 ℃, extraction time 120 min, and the extraction yield of active components reached 5.45%. A total of 18 Fatty acids were isolated and identified from the active components of lees, including linoleic Acid, palmitic Acid and oleic Acid. The content of Unsaturated Fatty acids (USFA) was 67.09%, and Monounsaturated Fatty acids (Fatty Acid) were obtained. MUFA content was 19.66%, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content was 47.43%. In addition, nine sterols were isolated and identified from the active components. The relative content of β-sitosterol was the highest (52.78%), followed by camphor (12.80%) and stigmasterol (5.10%). This study can provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and high value utilization of highland barley spent grains.