亚麻籽油是一种天然的保健植物功能性油脂，含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸，含量最大的分别是α-亚麻酸和亚油酸，这两种多不饱和脂肪酸在机体代谢、生长发育中发挥着不可或缺的作用，此外亚麻籽油中还含有多种生物活性物质，如；其他不饱和脂肪酸：二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和前列腺素（PG）等；亚麻籽环肽、维生素E、亚麻木酚素和油酸、黄酮类等，也在机体中起着积极作用。本文主要论述了亚麻籽油对于人体具有的多种功能，如：α-亚麻酸和维生素E自身对机体的抗氧化效果、α-亚麻酸在体液和基因水平上的降血脂作用、协调胰岛素的降血糖作用；还有亚麻木酚素和亚麻籽环肽在免疫协调中的抗炎抗癌作用；多不饱和脂肪酸在防治心血管疾病、抗衰老和抗氧化、调节肠道菌群、增强视力和抗菌等方面发挥作用等。

Flaxseed oil is a kind of natural health-promoting plant functional oil, containing large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid having the highest contents. These two kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids played an indispensable role in the metabolism, growth and development of the body. In addition, flaxseed oil also contained a variety of bioactive substances, for example, other unsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and prostaglandin (PG)), flaxseed cyclolinopeptides, vitamin E, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, oleic acid and flavonoids also play active roles in the body. This article mainly discusses the various functions of linseed oil for the human body, such as the antioxidant effect of α-linolenic acid and vitamin E on the body, the hypolipidemic effect of α-linolenic acid on the body fluid and at the gene level, and hypoglycemic effect of α-linolenic acid through coordinating insulin. In addition, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and cyclolinopeptide of flaxseed exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, anti-aging and anti-oxidation, regulating intestinal flora, enhancing eyesight and antibacterial actions.

广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目（2020B020226008；2018B020206001）；国家自然科学基金项目（31171673）